Pāṇini
Pāṇini | |
|---|---|
| पाणिनि | |
| Born | |
| Philosophical work | |
| Era | fl. mid 1st-millennium BCE[note 2]; variously dated between 6th–5th century BCE[3][4] and 4th century BCE[5][6][7][1] |
| Region | Indian philosophy |
| Main interests | Grammar, linguistics |
| Notable works | Aṣṭādhyāyī (Classical Sanskrit) |
| Notable ideas | Descriptive linguistics |
| Part of a series on |
| Hinduism |
|---|
|
|
The greatest linguist of antiquity
Pāṇini.. was the greatest linguist of antiquity, and deserves to be treated as such.
Pāṇini (/ˈpɑːnɪni/; Sanskrit: पाणिनि, pāṇini [páːɳin̪i]) was a Sanskrit grammarian, logician, philologist, and revered scholar in ancient India[2][9][10] during the mid-1st millennium BCE,[note 2] dated variously by most scholars between the 6th–5th[3][4] and 4th century BCE.[5][6][7][1]
The historical facts of his life are unknown, except only what can be inferred from his works, and legends recorded long after. His most notable work, the Aṣṭādhyāyī, is conventionally taken to mark the start of Classical Sanskrit. His work formally codified Classical Sanskrit as a refined and standardized language, making use of a technical metalanguage consisting of a syntax, morphology, and lexicon, organised according to a series of meta-rules.
Since the exposure of European scholars to his Aṣṭādhyāyī in the nineteenth century, Pāṇini has been considered the "first descriptive linguist",[11] and even labelled as "the father of linguistics".[12][13] His approach to grammar influenced such foundational linguists as Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield.[14]
- ^ a b c Cardona 1997, p. 268.
- ^ a b Staal 1965.
- ^ a b Staal 1996, p. 39.
- ^ a b Scharfe 1977, p. 88.
- ^ a b Vergiani 2017, p. 243, n.4.
- ^ a b Bronkhorst 2016, p. 171.
- ^ a b Houben 2009, p. 6.
- ^ Staal 1972, p. xi.
- ^ Lidova 1994, p. 108-112.
- ^ Lochtefeld 2002, p. 64–65, 140, 402.
- ^ François & Ponsonnet (2013: 184).
- ^ Bod 2013, p. 14-19.
- ^ Pāṇini; Böhtlingk, Otto von (1998). Pāṇini's Grammatik [Pāṇini's Grammar] (in German) (Reprint ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1025-9.
- ^ Robins, Robert Henry (1997). A short history of linguistics (4th ed.). London: Longman. ISBN 0582249945. OCLC 35178602.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).