Manipur

Manipur (/ˌmʌnɪˈpʊər/)^[8] is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically the Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the southeast. Covering an area of 22,330 square kilometers (8,621 mi²), the state consists mostly of hilly terrain with the 1813-square-kilometre (700 mi²) Imphal Valley inhabited by the Meitei (Manipuri) community, historically a kingdom. Surrounding hills are home to Naga and Kuki-Zo communities, who speak Tibeto-Burman languages.^[9][10] The official language and lingua franca, Meitei (Manipuri), also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family.^[11]

During the days of the British Raj, Manipur was one of the princely states.^[12] Prior to the British departure in 1947, Manipur acceded to the Dominion of India, along with roughly 550 other princely states.^[13] In September 1949, the ruler of Manipur signed a merger agreement with India, giving up his kingdom and obtaining a privy purse in return.^[14] Many Meitei people feel that their self-determination was violated by the agreement since the legislature elected under the constitution was not consulted.^[15] Ethnic and separatist concerns have resulted in a long-running insurgency against Indian rule.^[15] From 2009 through 2018, the conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people.^[16]

The Meitei people represent around 53% of the population of Manipur state, followed by various Naga tribes at 20% and Kuki-Zo tribes at 16%.^[17] Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions.^[18] According to 2011 census, Hinduism and Christianity are the major religions of the state.^[18]

Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal Airport, the second largest in northeastern India.^[19] Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of Manipuri dance,^[20] and is credited with introducing polo to Europeans.^[21]