Treaty of Paris (1898)
| Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain | |
|---|---|
| Type | Peace treaty |
| Signed | December 10, 1898 |
| Location | Paris, France |
| Effective | April 11, 1899 |
| Condition | Exchange of ratifications |
| Parties |
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| Citations | 30 Stat. 1754; TS 343; 11 Bevans 615 |
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| Full text | |
| Treaty of Paris (1898) at Wikisource | |
| Article IX amended by protocol of March 29, 1900 (TS 344; 11 Bevans 622). Article III supplemented by convention of November 7, 1900 (TS 345; 11 Bevans 623). | |
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The Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, commonly known as the Treaty of Paris of 1898,[a] was signed by Spain and the United States on December 10, 1898, and marked the official end of the Spanish–American War. Under it, Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over the West Indies archipelagos and islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, the Western Pacific island of Guam in the Marianas archipelago in Micronesia, and the Western Pacific archipelago of the Philippines in Southeast Asia to the United States.[1] The cession of the Philippines involved a compensation of $20 million[b] from the United States to Spain.[2]
The treaty was preceded by the Spanish-American War armistice, a preliminary peace agreement signed on August 12, 1898 in Washington, DC. The armistice formally stopped the active hostilities between Spain and the United States, requiring Spain to cede Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States, and to agree to the American occupation of Manila in the Philippines.[3] The treaty came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the documents of ratification were exchanged.[4] It was the first treaty negotiated between the two governments since the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty.
The Treaty of Paris marked the end of the Spanish Empire, apart from some small holdings. It had a major cultural impact in Spain known as the "Generation of '98". It marked the beginning of the United States as a world power. In the U.S., many supporters of the war opposed the treaty, which became one of the major issues in the election of 1900 when it was opposed by Democrat William Jennings Bryan, who opposed imperialism.[5] Republican President William McKinley supported the treaty and was reelected.[6]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ "Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898". Yale Law School. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898". Yale. 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
- ^ "Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
- ^ Charles Henry Butler (1902). The treaty making power of the United States. The Banks Law Pub. Co. p. 441. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
- ^ Paolo E. Coletta, "Bryan, McKinley, and the Treaty of Paris." Pacific Historical Review (1957): 131–146. in JSTOR
- ^ Thomas A. Bailey, "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?." Mississippi Valley Historical Review (1937): 43–52. in JSTOR