Tetrachloroethylene
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Tetrachloroethene | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| Abbreviations | PCE; Perc; Per | ||
Beilstein Reference
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1304635 | ||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.388 | ||
| EC Number |
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Gmelin Reference
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101142 | ||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1897 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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SMILES
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| Properties | |||
| C2Cl4 | |||
| Molar mass | 165.82 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Clear, very refractive, colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | Mild, sharp and sweetish[1] | ||
| Density | 1.622 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | −22.0 to −22.7 °C (−7.6 to −8.9 °F; 251.2 to 250.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 121.1 °C (250.0 °F; 394.2 K) | ||
| 0.15 g/L (25 °C) | |||
| Vapor pressure | 14 mmHg (20 °C)[1] | ||
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
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−81.6·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.505 | ||
| Viscosity | 0.89 cP at 25 °C | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Inhalation of vapours can cause anaesthesia and respiratory irritation. Causes irritation in contact with skin and eyes with no residual injury. Suspected of causing developmental delays and cancer in children. Known groundwater contaminant. | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
Pictograms
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| Warning | |||
Hazard statements
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H351, H411 | ||
Precautionary statements
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P201, P202, P273, P281, P308+P313, P391, P405, P501 | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | Not flammable | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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3420 mg/kg (oral, rat)[2] 2629 mg/kg (oral, rat), >10000 mg/kg (dermal, rat)[3] | ||
LC50 (median concentration)
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4000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 5200 ppm (mouse, 4 hr) 4964 ppm (rat, 8 hr)[4] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 100 ppm C 200 ppm (for 5 minutes in any 3-hour period), with a maximum peak of 300 ppm[1] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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Ca Minimize workplace exposure concentrations.[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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Ca [150 ppm][1] | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related analogous organohalides
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Related compounds
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| Supplementary data page | |||
| Tetrachloroethylene (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
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Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene[a] or under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, and abbreviations such as perc (or PERC), and PCE, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a non-flammable, stable, colorless and heavy liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and occasionally as a highly effective automotive brake cleaner. It has a mildly sweet, sharp odor, detectable by most people at a concentration of 50 ppm.[6]
Tetrachloroethylene is regarded as a toxic substance, a human health hazard, and an environmental hazard.[5][7] In 2020, the United States Environmental Protection Agency stated that "tetrachloroethylene exposure may harm the nervous system, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system, and may be harmful to unborn children", and reported that numerous toxicology agencies regard it as a carcinogen.[8]
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0599". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Sigma Aldrich Tetrachloroethylene MSDS
- ^ Fischer Scientific Tetrachloroethylene MSDS
- ^ "Tetrachloroethylene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b "Compound Summary: Tetrachloroethylene". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 21 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Browning, Ethel (1953). "Perchloroethylene". Toxicity of Industrial Organic Solvents. Chemical Publishing. pp. 182–185.
- ^ US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (June 2019). "Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene". US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Public Health Statement for Tetrachloroethylene (PERC)". US Environmental Protection Agency. 22 June 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
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