Nuremberg Laws

Discrimination
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The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze, pronounced [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁɡɐ ɡəˈzɛtsə] ^ⓘ) were antisemitic and racist laws introduced in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935 at a special session of the Reichstag during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. The legislation comprised two measures. The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour prohibited marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans and barred Jewish households from employing German women under the age of 45. The Reich Citizenship Law restricted citizenship to people of "German or related blood", reducing others to state subjects without full rights.

A supplementary decree issued on 14 November 1935 defined who was legally considered Jewish and brought the Reich Citizenship Law into effect. On 26 November, further regulations extended the measures to Romani people and Afro-Germans, classifying them with Jews as "enemies of the race-based state".

To avoid international criticism, prosecutions under the laws were delayed until after the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. The enactment followed earlier antisemitic policies of the regime. In 1933, Hitler's government declared a boycott of Jewish businesses, excluded Jews and other so-called "non-Aryans" from public service through the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, and organised book burnings of works by Jewish and other authors. Jewish citizens were increasingly subjected to harassment, violence, and loss of rights.

The Nuremberg Laws severely damaged the Jewish community's social and economic position. People convicted of violating the marriage laws were imprisoned and, from March 1938, often re-arrested by the Gestapo and sent to Nazi concentration camps. Social and commercial contact between Jews and non-Jews declined, and many Jewish-owned businesses closed. Jews were excluded from civil service posts and regulated professions such as medicine and teaching, forcing many into menial work. Emigration was obstructed by the Reich Flight Tax, which seized up to 90 per cent of a person's assets. By 1938, few countries were willing to accept Jewish refugees. Plans for mass resettlement, such as the Madagascar Plan, failed, and from 1941 the regime began the Final Solution, the systematic extermination of Europe's Jews.