Cancel culture

Cancel culture, also called call-out culture, is a cultural phenomenon in which people criticize an individual thought to have acted or spoken in an unacceptable manner, and call (typically over social media) for the target to be ostracized, boycotted, shunned or fired.[1][2][3][4] This shunning may extend to social or professional circles—whether on social media or in person—with most high-profile incidents involving celebrities.[5] Those subject are said to have been "canceled".[6][7][a] While the careers of some public figures have been impacted by boycotts—widely described as "cancellation"—others who complained of cancellation successfully continued their careers.[8][9]

The term "cancel culture" came into circulation in 2018 and has mostly negative connotations.[7] Some critics argue that cancel culture has a chilling effect on public discourse, that it is unproductive, that it does not bring real social change, that it causes intolerance, or that it amounts to cyberbullying.[10][11] Others argue that the term is used to attack efforts to promote accountability or give disenfranchised people a voice, and to attack language that is itself free speech. Still others question whether cancel culture is an actual phenomenon,[12] arguing that boycotting has existed long before the origin of the term "cancel culture".[11][13][14]

  1. ^ Munro, Ealasaid (August 23, 2013). "Feminism: A Fourth Wave?". Political Insight. 4 (2): 22–25. doi:10.1111/2041-9066.12021. S2CID 142990260. Archived from the original on December 10, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  2. ^ Sills, Sophie; Pickens, Chelsea; Beach, Karishma; Jones, Lloyd; Calder-Dawe, Octavia; Benton-Greig, Paulette; Gavey, Nicola (March 23, 2016). "Rape culture and social media: young critics and a feminist counterpublic". Feminist Media Studies. 16 (6): 935–951. doi:10.1080/14680777.2015.1137962. hdl:2292/30994. S2CID 147023782.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bromwich 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Yar, Sanam; Bromwich, Jonah Engel (October 31, 2019). "Tales From the Teenage Cancel Culture". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  5. ^ McDermott, John (November 2, 2019). "Those People We Tried to Cancel? They're All Hanging Out Together". The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  6. ^ a b "What It Means to Get 'Canceled'". Merriam-Webster. July 12, 2019. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c "What Does Cancel Culture Mean?". Dictionary.com. July 31, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Garel 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hagi 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ McWhorter, John (September 2020). "Academics Are Really, Really Worried About Their Freedom". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  11. ^ a b "Cancel Culture Top 3 Pros and Cons". ProCon.org. September 27, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Manavis 2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Maclean's 2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Olusoga 2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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