Copper(II) chloride

Copper(II) chloride
	Dihydrate
	Anhydrous
Names
	IUPAC name Copper(II) chloride
	Other names Cupric chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7447-39-4 ; 10125-13-0 (dihydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	anhydrous: Interactive image; dihydrate: Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	8128168
ChEBI	CHEBI:49553 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200553 ;
ChemSpider	148374 ;
DrugBank	DB09131;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.373
EC Number	231-210-2;
Gmelin Reference	9300
PubChem CID	24014;
RTECS number	GL7000000;
UNII	P484053J2Y ; S2QG84156O (dihydrate) ;
UN number	2802
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7040449 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2ClH.Cu/h21H;/q;;+2/p-2 Key: ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/2ClH.Cu/h21H;/q;;+2/p-2/rCl2Cu/c1-3-2 Key: ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-LRIOHBSEAE; InChI=1/2ClH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 Key: ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-NUQVWONBAE;
	SMILES anhydrous: [Cu+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]; dihydrate: Cl[Cu-2](Cl)([OH2+])[OH2+];
Properties
Chemical formula	CuCl2
Molar mass	134.45 g/mol (anhydrous); 170.48 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance	dark brown solid (anhydrous); light blue solid (dihydrate)
Odor	odorless
Density	3.386 g/cm3 (anhydrous) ; 2.51 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point	630 °C (1,166 °F; 903 K) (extrapolated); 100 °C (dehydration of dihydrate)
Boiling point	993 °C (1,819 °F; 1,266 K) (anhydrous, decomposes)
Solubility in water	70.6 g/(100 mL) (0 °C) ; 75.7 g/(100 mL) (25 °C) ; 107.9 g/(100 mL) (100 °C)
Solubility	methanol:; 68 g/(100 mL) (15 °C) ; ethanol:; 53 g/(100 mL) (15 °C) ; soluble in acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+1080·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	monoclinic (β = 121°) (anhydrous) ; orthorhombic (dihydrate)
Space group	C2/m (anhydrous) ; Pbmn (dihydrate)
Lattice constant	a = 6.85 Å (anhydrous) ; 7.41 Å (dihydrate), b = 3.30 Å (anhydrous) ; 8.09 Å (dihydrate), c = 6.70 Å (anhydrous) ; 3.75 Å (dihydrate)
Coordination geometry	Octahedral
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H302, H312, H315, H318, H319, H335, H410, H411
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 1
Flash point	Non-flammable
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	Fisher Scientific
Related compounds
Other anions	Copper(II) fluoride; Copper(II) bromide
Other cations	Copper(I) chloride; Silver chloride; Gold(III) chloride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu Cl₂. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl₂·2H₂O, with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process.

Both the anhydrous and the dihydrate forms occur naturally as the rare minerals tolbachite and eriochalcite, respectively.

^ A. F. Wells (1947). "The crystal structure of anhydrous cupric chloride, and the stereochemistry of the cupric atom". Journal of the Chemical Society: 1670–1675. doi:10.1039/JR9470001670.
^ Sydney Brownstein; Nam Fong Han; Eric Gabe; Yvon LePage (1989). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of cupric chloride dihydrate". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 189 (1): 13–15. Bibcode:1989ZK....189...13B. doi:10.1524/zkri.1989.189.1-2.13.
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[1] A. F. Wells (1947). "The crystal structure of anhydrous cupric chloride, and the stereochemistry of the cupric atom". Journal of the Chemical Society: 1670–1675. doi:10.1039/JR9470001670.

[2] Sydney Brownstein; Nam Fong Han; Eric Gabe; Yvon LePage (1989). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of cupric chloride dihydrate". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 189 (1): 13–15. Bibcode:1989ZK....189...13B. doi:10.1524/zkri.1989.189.1-2.13.

[PGCH-3] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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