Basques

Basques
Euskaldunak (Basque)
Vascos (Spanish)
Basques (French)
Bascos (Occitan)
Total population
c. 3 million
Regions with significant populations
Spain
(people living in the Basque Provinces of Spain, including some areas where most people do not identify themselves as Basque)		2,410,000[1][2]
France
(people living in the French Basque Country, not all of whom identify as Basque)		239,000[1]
United States
(self-identifying as having Basque ancestry)		57,793[3]
Canada
(including those of mixed ancestry)		7,745[4]
Languages
Basque (L1 or heritage)
Spanish, French, Gascon (L2 or regional L1)
Religion
Christianity (mostly Catholicism),[5] others

The Basques (/bɑːsks/ BAHSKS or /bæsks/ BASKS; Basque: euskaldunak [eus̺kaldunak]; Spanish: vascos [ˈbaskos]; French: basques [bask] ⓘ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group,[6][7][8] characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining Paleo-European populations in Europe.[9][10][11] Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.[10]

  1. ^ a b V. inkesta soziolinguistikoa 2011 [V. Sociolinguistic Survey] (PDF) (in Basque). Vitoria-Gasteiz: Central Publications Service of the Basque Government. 2013. ISBN 978-84-457-3303-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  2. ^ "INE". INE. 2013. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  3. ^ "Census 2000: Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000" (XLS). U.S. Census Bureau. 22 January 2007. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  4. ^ "Canada Census Profile 2021". Census Profile, 2021 Census. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  5. ^ Estadísticas Enseñanzas no Universitarias – Resultados Detallados – Curso 2007–2008, Ministry of Education, educacion.es – Compiled by Fernando Bravo. FP: Formación Profesional (Vocational training).
  6. ^ "Basque". Britannica Online for Kids. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  7. ^ "Basque". Oxford Reference online. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  8. ^ Totoricaguena, Gloria Pilar (2004). Identity, Culture, and Politics in the Basque Diaspora. University of Nevada Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-87417-547-9. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  9. ^ Günther, Torsten; et al. (2015). "Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (38): 11917–11922. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11211917G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1509851112. PMC 4586848. PMID 26351665.
  10. ^ a b Olalde, Iñigo; et al. (2019). "The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years". Science. 363 (6432): 1230–1234. Bibcode:2019Sci...363.1230O. doi:10.1126/science.aav4040. PMC 6436108. PMID 30872528.
  11. ^ Bycroft, Clare; et al. (2019). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula". Nature Communications. 10 (1) 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
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