Afrikaans
| Afrikaans | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [afriˈkɑːns] |
| Native to | |
| Region | Southern Africa |
| Ethnicity | Afrikaners Coloureds |
Native speakers | 7.2 million (2016) 10.3 million L2 speakers in South Africa (2011)[1] |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | Frankish
|
| Dialects |
|
| Latin script (Afrikaans alphabet), Arabic script | |
Signed forms | Signed Afrikaans[2] |
| Official status | |
Official language in | South Africa |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Die Taalkommissie |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | af |
| ISO 639-2 | afr |
| ISO 639-3 | afr |
| Glottolog | afri1274 |
| Linguasphere | 52-ACB-ba |
spoken by a majority spoken by a minority | |
Afrikaans[n 1] is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and to a lesser extent Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and also Argentina where a group in Sarmiento speaks a Patagonian dialect. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular[7][8] of South Holland (Hollandic dialect)[9][10] spoken by the predominantly Dutch settlers and enslaved population of the Dutch Cape Colony, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the 17th and 18th centuries.[11]
Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages including German, Malay and Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95% of the vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin.[n 2] Differences between Afrikaans and Dutch often lie in the more analytic morphology and grammar of Afrikaans, and different spellings.[n 3] There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages, especially in written form.[12]
- ^ Afrikaans at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ^ Aarons & Reynolds, "South African Sign Language" in Monaghan (ed.), Many Ways to be Deaf: International Variation in Deaf Communities (2003).
- ^ Daniels, Keliah (30 March 2013). "Afrikaans now potentially a 'vulnerable' language – UNESCO".
- ^ Mahogo, Princess (29 March 2013). "Afrikaans listed as 'potentially vulnerable' by UNESCO: AfriForum".
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ^ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
- ^ K. Pithouse, C. Mitchell, R. Moletsane, Making Connections: Self-Study & Social Action, p.91
- ^ J. A. Heese (1971). Die herkoms van die Afrikaner, 1657–1867 [The origin of the Afrikaner] (in Afrikaans). Cape Town: A. A. Balkema. OCLC 1821706. OL 5361614M.
- ^ Herkomst en groei van het Afrikaans – G.G. Kloeke (1950)
- ^ Heeringa, Wilbert; de Wet, Febe; van Huyssteen, Gerhard B. (2015). "The origin of Afrikaans pronunciation: a comparison to west Germanic languages and Dutch dialects". Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus. 47. doi:10.5842/47-0-649. ISSN 2224-3380.
- ^ Abel Coetzee (1948). Standaard Afrikaans (PDF). Afrikaner Pers.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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