Yellow vests protests

Yellow vests protests
Gilets jaunes protests
Part of the protests against Emmanuel Macron
A yellow vests protest in Belfort, France, on 29 December 2018
Date17 November 2018 – 28 June 2020
(1 year, 3 months and 26 days)
Location
France
Other countries:
Caused by
Goals
  • Increase of minimum wage in France[36]
  • End to austerity measures[37]
  • Improved standard of living[37]
  • Government transparency and accountability[37]
  • Improved government services for rural areas[37]
  • 42 demands in total[37]
  • Constitutional proposal for a citizens' initiative referendum, including constitutional, legislative, abrogative, and recall initiatives[38]
Methods

Other occurrences

StatusEnded
Concessions
  • Cancellation of fuel tax and six-month moratorium on diesel and petrol price changes[47]
  • Announcement that price of Électricité de France blue tariffs would not increase before March 2019[48]
  • Elimination of tax on overtime and end-of-year bonuses[49]
  • Decrease of fuel and motor taxes[40]
Parties
Gilets jaunes
Government
  • National Police
    • CRS
    • National Gendarmerie
    • Mobile Gendarmerie
    • Rural Guards
    • French Army[50]
Pro-government protesters[51]
Lead figures

Jacline Mouraud
Étienne Chouard[52]
Priscillia Ludosky
Maxime Nicolle[53]
Éric Drouet
Jérôme Rodrigues[54][55]
Christophe Chalençon[56]
François Boulo[57]

Emmanuel Macron
President of the French Republic
Édouard Philippe
Prime Minister of France (2017–2020)
Christophe Castaner
Minister of Interior (2018–2020)
Jean Castex
Prime Minister of France (2020–2022)
Gérald Darmanin
Minister of Interior (2020–2024)

Number
287,710 protesters (peak, according to the Ministry of the Interior)[58]
8,000 police (15 Dec 2018: Paris)
Casualties
Death(s)11 people, including 3 yellow vests, were killed in traffic accidents caused by yellow vests roadblocks in Belgium and France, 2 yellow vests, both aged over 50, died during the demonstrations due to heart problems unrelated to the protests, 1 woman died of a surgical shock at the hospital after being hit by a tear gas grenade in the margins of a demonstration[59]
Injuries4,439 (police and civilians)[60]
This article is part of
a series about
Emmanuel Macron
Personal
  • Political positions
  • Family
    • Brigitte Macron (wife)
    • Laurence Auzière-Jourdan (step-daughter)
    • Jean-Michel Macron (father)
    • Nemo (dog)
President of France
  • Presidency
  • Protests
    • Pension strikes
      • 2019–2020
      • 2023
    • Benalla affair
    • Aachen Treaty
    • 45th G7 summit
    • COVID-19 pandemic
      • Vaccination
    • Quirinal Treaty
    • AUKUS
    • Opinion polling
    • Trips
      • international
      • 2023 China visit
    Elections

    The yellow vests protests or yellow-jacket protests (French: Mouvement des gilets jaunes, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ de ʒilɛ ʒon]) were a series of populist,[61] grassroots[62] weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018 and ended on 28 June 2020.

    After an online petition posted in May 2018 had attracted nearly one million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November.[63] The movement was initially motivated by rising crude oil and fuel prices, a high cost of living, and economic inequality. The movement argued that a disproportionate burden of taxation in France was falling on the working and middle classes,[64][65][66] especially in rural and peri-urban areas.[32][67] The protesters called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth and a minimum wage increase,[38] among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming a de facto structuring basis for the movement. The demands covered a wide range of topics, mostly related to democracy and social and fiscal justice.[37][68] Some demanded the resignation of President Emmanuel Macron. Participation in the weekly protests diminished due to violence, particularly due to the loss of eyes, hands, and neurological disorders caused by police blast balls.[69][70][71] The protests eventually stopped due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, although minor protests continued after health restrictions were lifted.[72]

    The movement was supported primarily by populists on both sides of the political spectrum, but rarely by moderates. According to one poll, few of those protesting had voted for Macron in the 2017 presidential election; many had shown political alienation by not voting, or had voted for far-right or far-left candidates.[73] Support for the movement reached a high of 75% in favour at its beginning, with even higher numbers in rural and peri-urban areas.[74] Yellow high-visibility vests, which French law requires all drivers to have in their vehicles and to wear outside their vehicle during emergency situations, were chosen as "a unifying thread and call to arms" because of their convenience, visibility, ubiquity, and association with working-class industries.[75] The protests involved demonstrations and the blocking of roads and fuel depots, sometimes developing into major riots,[76] described as the most violent since those of May 68.[77] The police action, resulting in multiple incidents of loss of limb, has been criticised by politicians and international media; it has sometimes resulted in police officers being charged for their violent behaviour.[78] The movement has received international attention. Protesters in many places around the world have used the yellow vest as a symbol.[79][80] About 3 million people participated in the yellow vests movement.[81]

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