Ulrike Meinhof
Ulrike Meinhof | |
|---|---|
Meinhof as a journalist, c. 1964 | |
| Born | Ulrike Marie Meinhof 7 October 1934[1] Oldenburg, Germany |
| Died | 9 May 1976 (aged 41) |
| Organization | Red Army Faction |
| Spouse | Klaus Rainer Röhl (divorced) |
| Children |
|
Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934 – 9 May 1976) was a German left-wing militant, journalist and founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany, commonly referred to in the press as the "Baader-Meinhof gang". She is the reputed author of The Urban Guerilla Concept (1971). The manifesto acknowledges the RAF's "roots in the history of the student movement"; condemns "reformism" as "a brake on the anti-capitalist struggle"; and invokes Mao Zedong to define "armed struggle" as "the highest form of Marxism-Leninism".[3]
Meinhof, who took part in the RAF's "May Offensive" in 1972, was arrested that June and spent the rest of her life in custody, largely isolated from outside contact. In November 1974, she was sentenced to 8 years in prison for complicity in a near-fatal shooting in what had been her first RAF operation, the successful jailbreak of Andreas Baader in 1970.[4]
From 1975, with Baader and two other RAF leaders, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe, she stood trial on further charges of murder and attempted murder. Before the end of the trial, she was found hanged in her cell in the Stammheim Prison. The official finding of suicide sparked controversy, with her sister, Wienke Zitzlaff, stating that Meinhof had told her only days before her death: "You can stand up and fight only while you are alive. If they say I committed suicide, be sure that it was murder."[5]: 582
One year later, on 7 April 1977, two members of the RAF assassinated the Federal Attorney-General Siegfried Buback as revenge.[6][7]
- ^ Johnson, Kenneth F. (1974). Peronism : The Final Gamble. London: Institute for the Study of Conflict. p. 13. ISBN 978-0903366076.
- ^ Gallus, Alexander; Zimmermann, Reinhard (2017). Meinhof, Mahler, Ensslin: die Akten der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes (in German). Göttingen; Bristol, CT: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 53. ISBN 978-3525301265.
- ^ Moncourt, André (2009). The Red Army Faction, A Documentary History. Volume 1: Projectiles of the People (PDF). Oakland, CA: PM Press. pp. 83–104 [87–88, 91]. ISBN 978-1604860290.
- ^ Power, Jonathan (2013). Amnesty International, the human rights story. Oxford: Elsevier Science. p. 72. ISBN 978-1483286013.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ditfurthwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Werner, Robert (2014). Geschichte? Nee – oder? Ich will's jetzt – wissen – Buch für junge Leute. : Deutsche und europäische Geschichte sowie wichtige Ereignisse in der Welt vom Jahre 9 – 1990 (in German). Berlin: epubli GmbH. p. 529. ISBN 978-3844299434.
- ^ "Who Assassinated Siegfried Buback? Germany Revisits RAF Terrorism Verdict". Spiegel Online. 23 April 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2018.