TensorFlow

TensorFlow
TensorFlow
	TensorFlow logo
Developer(s)	Google Brain Team
Initial release	November 9, 2015
Stable release	2.20.0 / August 19, 2025
Repository	github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow
Written in	Python, C++, CUDA
Platform	Linux, macOS, Windows, Android, JavaScript
Type	Machine learning library
License	Apache 2.0
Website	tensorflow.org

TensorFlow is a software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks, but is used mainly for training and inference of neural networks.^[3]^[4] It is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, alongside others such as PyTorch.^[5] It is free and open-source software released under the Apache License 2.0.

It was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production.^[6]^[7]^[8] The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015.^[1]^[9] Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.^[10]

TensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java,^[11] facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.

^ ^a ^b "Credits". TensorFlow.org. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
^ "TensorFlow.js". Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
^ Abadi, Martín; Barham, Paul; Chen, Jianmin; Chen, Zhifeng; Davis, Andy; Dean, Jeffrey; Devin, Matthieu; Ghemawat, Sanjay; Irving, Geoffrey; Isard, Michael; Kudlur, Manjunath; Levenberg, Josh; Monga, Rajat; Moore, Sherry; Murray, Derek G.; Steiner, Benoit; Tucker, Paul; Vasudevan, Vijay; Warden, Pete; Wicke, Martin; Yu, Yuan; Zheng, Xiaoqiang (2016). TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning (PDF). Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI ’16). arXiv:1605.08695. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
^ TensorFlow: Open source machine learning. Google. 2015. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. "It is machine learning software being used for various kinds of perceptual and language understanding tasks" – Jeffrey Dean, minute 0:47 / 2:17 from YouTube clip
^ "Top 30 Open Source Projects". Open Source Project Velocity by CNCF. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
^ Video clip by Google about TensorFlow 2015 at minute 0:15/2:17
^ Video clip by Google about TensorFlow 2015 at minute 0:26/2:17
^ Dean et al 2015, p. 2
^ Metz, Cade (November 9, 2015). "Google Just Open Sourced TensorFlow, Its Artificial Intelligence Engine". Wired. Archived from the original on November 9, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "API Documentation". Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2018.,

[Credits-1] "Credits". TensorFlow.org. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.

[js-2] "TensorFlow.js". Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.

[3] Abadi, Martín; Barham, Paul; Chen, Jianmin; Chen, Zhifeng; Davis, Andy; Dean, Jeffrey; Devin, Matthieu; Ghemawat, Sanjay; Irving, Geoffrey; Isard, Michael; Kudlur, Manjunath; Levenberg, Josh; Monga, Rajat; Moore, Sherry; Murray, Derek G.; Steiner, Benoit; Tucker, Paul; Vasudevan, Vijay; Warden, Pete; Wicke, Martin; Yu, Yuan; Zheng, Xiaoqiang (2016). TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning (PDF). Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI ’16). arXiv:1605.08695. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.

[YoutubeClip-4] TensorFlow: Open source machine learning. Google. 2015. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. "It is machine learning software being used for various kinds of perceptual and language understanding tasks" – Jeffrey Dean, minute 0:47 / 2:17 from YouTube clip

[5] "Top 30 Open Source Projects". Open Source Project Velocity by CNCF. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023.

[6] Video clip by Google about TensorFlow 2015 at minute 0:15/2:17

[7] Video clip by Google about TensorFlow 2015 at minute 0:26/2:17

[8] Dean et al 2015, p. 2

[Metz-Nov9-9] Metz, Cade (November 9, 2015). "Google Just Open Sourced TensorFlow, Its Artificial Intelligence Engine". Wired. Archived from the original on November 9, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.

[:12-10] Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:13-11] "API Documentation". Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2018.,

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