Stanford University

Leland Stanford Junior University
MottoDie Luft der Freiheit weht (German)[1]
Motto in English
"The wind of freedom blows"[1]
TypePrivate research university
EstablishedOctober 1, 1891 (October 1, 1891)[2][3]
FounderLeland and Jane Stanford
AccreditationWSCUC
Academic affiliations
  • AAU
  • COFHE
  • URA
  • Space-grant
Endowment$36.5 billion (2023)[4]
Budget$8.9 billion (2023/24)[5]
PresidentJonathan Levin
ProvostJenny Martinez
Academic staff
2,323 (fall 2023)[6]
Administrative staff
18,369 (fall 2023)[7]
Students27,529 (fall 2023)[6]
Undergraduates7,841 (fall 2023)[6]
Postgraduates9,688 (fall 2023)[6]
Location
Stanford, California
,
United States 37°25′39″N 122°10′12″W / 37.42750°N 122.17000°W / 37.42750; -122.17000
CampusLarge suburb:[8] 8,180-acre (3,310-hectare)[6]
Other campuses
NewspaperThe Stanford Daily
Colors  Cardinal Red
  White[9]
NicknameCardinal
Sporting affiliations
MascotStanford Tree (unofficial)[10]
Websitestanford.edu

Leland Stanford Junior University,[11][12] commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth governor of and then-incumbent United States senator representing California) and his wife, Jane, in memory of their only child, Leland Jr.[2]

The university admitted its first students in 1891,[2][3] opening as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. It struggled financially after Leland died in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.[13] Following World War II, university provost Frederick Terman inspired an entrepreneurial culture to build a self-sufficient local industry (later Silicon Valley).[14] In 1951, Stanford Research Park was established in Palo Alto as the world's first university research park.[15] By 2021, the university had 2,288 tenure-line faculty, senior fellows, center fellows, and medical faculty on staff.[16]

The university is organized around seven schools of study on an 8,180-acre (3,310-hectare) campus, one of the largest in the nation.[6] It houses the Hoover Institution, a public policy think tank, and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[17] Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of eight private institutions in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Stanford has won 136 NCAA team championships,[18] and was awarded the NACDA Directors' Cup for 25 consecutive years, beginning in 1994.[19] Students and alumni have won 302 Olympic medals (including 153 gold).[20]

The university is associated with 94 billionaires,[21] 58 Nobel laureates,[16] 33 MacArthur Fellows,[16] 29 Turing Award winners,[note 1] as well as 7 Wolf Foundation Prize recipients, 2 Supreme Court Justices of the United States, and 4 Pulitzer Prize winners.[16] Additionally, its alumni include many Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Gates Cambridge Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, and members of the United States Congress.[42]

  1. ^ a b Casper, Gerhard (October 5, 1995). Die Luft der Freiheit weht—On and Off (Speech). Archived from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "History: Stanford University". Stanford University. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Chapter 1: The University and the Faculty". Faculty Handbook. Stanford University. September 7, 2016. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  4. ^ (As of August 31, 2023) "FAQ". Investment Office of Stanford Management Company. August 31, 2023. Archived from the original on July 6, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
  5. ^ "Finances – Facts". Stanford University. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Stanford Facts". Stanford University. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  7. ^ "Staff – Facts". Stanford University. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  8. ^ "IPEDS-Stanford University". Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  9. ^ "Color". Stanford Identity Toolkit. Stanford University. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  10. ^ The Stanford Tree is the mascot of the band but not the university.
  11. ^ "'Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax – 2013' (IRS Form 990)" (PDF). foundationcenter.org. 990s.foundationcenter.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  12. ^ "The founding grant: with amendments, legislation, and court decrees". Stanford Digital Repository. November 26, 1987. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  13. ^ "History – Part 2 (The New Century): Stanford University". Stanford.edu. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  14. ^ "History – Part 3 (The Rise of Silicon Valley): Stanford University". Stanford.edu. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  15. ^ Luger, Michael I.; Goldstein, Harvey A. (1991). Technology in the Garden: Research Parks and Regional Economic Development. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780807843451. Archived from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d "Stanford Facts: The Stanford Faculty". Stanford University. 2014. Archived from the original on October 16, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Carnegie was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ "Cardinal Athletics - Facts". Retrieved April 28, 2025.
  19. ^ Conference, Pac-12 (July 2, 2018). "Stanford wins 24th-consecutive Directors' Cup". Pac-12 News. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Athletics, Stanford (July 1, 2016). "Olympic Medal History". Stanford University Athletics. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  21. ^ Burleigh, Emma. "From dorm rooms to boardrooms: This U.S. college has created more billionaires than anywhere else, including Mark Zuckerberg and Jamie Dimon". Fortune. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
  22. ^ "Vinton Cerf – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  23. ^ "Allen Newell". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  24. ^ "Martin Hellman". acm.org. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  25. ^ "John E Hopcroft". acm.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  26. ^ "Barbara Liskov". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  27. ^ "Raj Reddy – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  28. ^ "Ronald L Rivest – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  29. ^ "Robert E Tarjan – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  30. ^ "Whitfield Diffie". acm.org. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  31. ^ "Douglas Engelbart". acm.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  32. ^ "Edward A Feigenbaum – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  33. ^ "Robert W. Floyd – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  34. ^ Lee, J.A.N. "Charles Antony Richard (Tony) Hoare". IEEE Computer Society. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  35. ^ "Alan Kay". acm.org. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  36. ^ "John McCarthy". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  37. ^ "A J Milner – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  38. ^ "Amir Pnueli". acm.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  39. ^ "Dana S Scott – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  40. ^ "Niklaus E. Wirth". acm.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  41. ^ "Andrew C Yao – A.M. Turing Award Winner". acm.org. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  42. ^ * "Top Producers". us.fulbrightonline.org. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved November 4, 2020.


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