Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate
	Crystal structure
Na+ coordination	HCO3− coordination
Names
	IUPAC name sodium hydrogencarbonate
	Other names Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, nahcolite, natrium hydrogen carbonate, natron
Identifiers
CAS Number	144-55-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	4153970
ChEBI	CHEBI:32139 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1353 ;
ChemSpider	8609 ;
DrugBank	DB01390 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.122
EC Number	205-633-8;
E number	E500(ii) (acidity regulators, ...)
IUPHAR/BPS	4507;
KEGG	C12603 ;
MeSH	Sodium+bicarbonate
PubChem CID	516892;
RTECS number	VZ0950000;
UNII	8MDF5V39QO ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9021269 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-REWHXWOFAQ;
	SMILES [Na+].OC([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	NaHCO; 3
Molar mass	84.0066 g mol−1
Appearance	White crystals
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.20 g/cm3;
Melting point	(Decomposes to sodium carbonate starting at 50 °C)
Solubility in water	69 g/L (0 °C); 96 g/L (20 °C); 165 g/L (60 °C);
Solubility	0.02 wt% acetone, 2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C., insoluble in ethanol
log P	−0.82
Acidity (pKa)	6.34; 6.351 (carbonic acid);
Refractive index (nD)	nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	87.6 J/mol K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	101.7 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−950.8 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	−851.0 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	B05CB04 (WHO) B05XA02 (WHO), QG04BQ01 (WHO)
Routes of; administration	Intravenous, oral
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Causes serious eye irritation
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 1
Flash point	Incombustible
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	4220 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium carbonate
Other cations	Ammonium bicarbonate; Potassium bicarbonate;
Related compounds	Sodium bisulfate; Sodium hydrogen phosphate;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate^[9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda (or simply "bicarb" especially in the UK), or salaratus, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na⁺) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO−3). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite, although it is more commonly found as a component of the mineral trona.^[10]

As it has long been known and widely used, the salt has many different names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, brewing soda and bicarbonate of soda and can often be found near baking powder in stores. The term baking soda is more common in the United States, while bicarbonate of soda is more common in Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand.^[11] Abbreviated colloquial forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, and bicarb are common.^[12]

The prefix bi- in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system predating molecular knowledge. It is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO2−3) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) as there is in sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).^[13] The modern chemical formulas of these compounds now express their precise chemical compositions which were unknown when the name bi-carbonate of potash was coined (see also: bicarbonate).

^ ^a ^b Haynes, p. 4.90
^ ^a ^b ^c Haynes, p. 5.194
^ ^a ^b ^c "Sodium Bicarbonate" (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2011.
^ Ellingboe JL, Runnels JH (1966). "Solubilities of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate in Acetone-Water and Methanol-Water Mixtures". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 11 (3): 323–324. doi:10.1021/je60030a009.
^ ^a ^b Haynes, p. 7.23
^ Pasquali I, Bettini R, Giordano F (2007). "Thermal behaviour of diclofenac, diclofenac sodium and sodium bicarbonate compositions". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 90 (3): 903–907. doi:10.1007/s10973-006-8182-1. S2CID 95695262.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haynes, p. 5.19
^ Griffith JF (1964). "Interlaboratory variations in the determination of acute oral LD50". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 6 (6): 726–730. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(64)90124-3. PMID 14235840.
^ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (PDF), IUPAC, p. 137, archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2017
^ Gärtner RS, Witkamp GJ (August 2007). "Mixed solvent reactive recrystallization of trona (sodium sesqui-carbonate) into soda (sodium carbonate anhydrate)". Hydrometallurgy. 88 (1–4): 75–91. Bibcode:2007HydMe..88...75G. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.03.006.
^ "Baking powder, baking soda or bicarbonate of soda?". Reader's Digest Australia. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
^ PubChem. "Sodium bicarbonate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
^ Wollaston WH (January 1814). "I. A Synoptic scale of chemical equivalents". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 104: 1–22. doi:10.1098/rstl.1814.0001. S2CID 96774986.

[crc-1] Haynes, p. 4.90

[crc3-2] Haynes, p. 5.194

[UNEP-3] "Sodium Bicarbonate" (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2011.

[4] Ellingboe JL, Runnels JH (1966). "Solubilities of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate in Acetone-Water and Methanol-Water Mixtures". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 11 (3): 323–324. doi:10.1021/je60030a009.

[crc4-5] Haynes, p. 7.23

[6] Pasquali I, Bettini R, Giordano F (2007). "Thermal behaviour of diclofenac, diclofenac sodium and sodium bicarbonate compositions". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 90 (3): 903–907. doi:10.1007/s10973-006-8182-1. S2CID 95695262.

[crc2-7] Haynes, p. 5.19

[8] Griffith JF (1964). "Interlaboratory variations in the determination of acute oral LD50". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 6 (6): 726–730. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(64)90124-3. PMID 14235840.

[9] Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (PDF), IUPAC, p. 137, archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2017

[:4-10] Gärtner RS, Witkamp GJ (August 2007). "Mixed solvent reactive recrystallization of trona (sodium sesqui-carbonate) into soda (sodium carbonate anhydrate)". Hydrometallurgy. 88 (1–4): 75–91. Bibcode:2007HydMe..88...75G. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.03.006.

[11] "Baking powder, baking soda or bicarbonate of soda?". Reader's Digest Australia. Retrieved 2 June 2024.

[12] PubChem. "Sodium bicarbonate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 25 January 2021.

[13] Wollaston WH (January 1814). "I. A Synoptic scale of chemical equivalents". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 104: 1–22. doi:10.1098/rstl.1814.0001. S2CID 96774986.

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