Silane

Silane
Names
	IUPAC name Silane
	Systematic IUPAC name Silicane
	Other names Monosilane; Silicon(IV) hydride; Silicon tetrahydride;
Identifiers
CAS Number	7803-62-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:29389 ;
ChemSpider	22393 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.331
Gmelin Reference	273
PubChem CID	23953;
RTECS number	VV1400000;
UNII	5J076063R1 ;
UN number	2203
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6052534 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/SiH4/h1H4 Key: BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/SiH4/h1H4 Key: BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYAE;
	SMILES [SiH4];
Properties
Chemical formula	H4Si
Molar mass	32.117 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Repulsive
Density	1.313 g/L
Melting point	−185 °C (−301.0 °F; 88.1 K)
Boiling point	−111.9 °C (−169.4 °F; 161.2 K)
Solubility in water	Reacts slowly
Vapor pressure	>1 atm (20 °C)
Conjugate acid	Silanium (sometimes spelled silonium)
Structure
Molecular shape	Tetrahedral ; r(Si-H) = 1.4798 Å
Dipole moment	0 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	42.81 J/mol·K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	204.61 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	34.31 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	56.91 kJ/mol
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Extremely flammable, pyrophoric in air
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H220
Precautionary statements	P210, P222, P230, P280, P377, P381, P403, P410+P403
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 4 3
Flash point	Not applicable, pyrophoric gas
Autoignition; temperature	~ 18 °C (64 °F; 291 K)
Explosive limits	1.37–100%
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	None
REL (Recommended)	TWA 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0564
Related compounds
Related tetrahydride compounds	Methane; Germane; Stannane; Plumbane
Related compounds	Phenylsilane; Vinylsilane; Disilane; Trisilane
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Silane (Silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SiH₄. It is a colorless, pyrophoric gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid.^[6] Silane is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. Silanes with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Silanes with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents. They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter.^[7]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0556". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haynes, p. 4.87
^ Haynes, p. 9.29
^ Haynes, p. 5.14
^ Linde Safety Data Sheet
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ London, Gábor; Carroll, Gregory T.; Feringa, Ben L. (2013). "Silanization of quartz, silicon and mica surfaces with light-driven molecular motors: construction of surface-bound photo-active nanolayers". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 11 (21): 3477–3483. doi:10.1039/c3ob40276b. ISSN 1477-0520. PMID 23592007. S2CID 33920329.

[PGCH-1] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0556". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[crc-2] Haynes, p. 4.87

[3] Haynes, p. 9.29

[4] Haynes, p. 5.14

[LindeSDS-5] Linde Safety Data Sheet

[6] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[7] London, Gábor; Carroll, Gregory T.; Feringa, Ben L. (2013). "Silanization of quartz, silicon and mica surfaces with light-driven molecular motors: construction of surface-bound photo-active nanolayers". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 11 (21): 3477–3483. doi:10.1039/c3ob40276b. ISSN 1477-0520. PMID 23592007. S2CID 33920329.

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