Second Iraqi–Kurdish War

Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict and the Cold War
Date1974–1975
(1 year)
Location
Northern Iraq
Result

Iraqi victory[4]

  • KDP military and strategic failure
  • Peshmerga fighting ability destroyed
  • KDP–Iraq cease-fire
  • Failed PUK low-level insurgency
  • Iran withdrew its support for KDP
  • 1975 Algiers Agreement
Territorial
changes		 Iraqi government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories
Belligerents
Iraq
Supported by:
Soviet Union[1]		 KDP
Iran
Supported by:
Israel[2]
United States[3]
Commanders and leaders
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Saddam Hussein		 Mustafa Barzani
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Strength
90,000 troops[5]
1,200 tanks and AFVs[5]
200 aircraft[5] (not all engaged)[5]		 100,000–110,000 fighters[5]
350,000 troops[6]
Casualties and losses
2,500 killed[7] 15,000[8]–20,000 killed[9]
Total: 7,000+[10] to 20,000 killed[11]
600,000 displaced[10][12]
280,000 Kurds fled to Iran[13]

The Second Iraqi–Kurdish War[14] was the second chapter of the Barzani rebellion, initiated by the collapse of the Kurdish autonomy talks and the consequent Iraqi offensive against rebel KDP troops of Mustafa Barzani during 1974–1975. The war came in the aftermath of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970), as the 1970 peace plan for Kurdish autonomy had failed to be implemented by 1974. Unlike the previous guerrilla campaign in 1961–1970, waged by Barzani, the 1974 war was a Kurdish attempt at symmetric warfare against the Iraqi Army, which eventually led to the quick collapse of the Kurds, who were lacking advanced and heavy weaponry. The war ended with the exile of the Iraqi KDP party and between 7,000–20,000 deaths from both sides combined.

  1. ^ "17. Iraq/Kurds (1932-present)".
  2. ^ "18. Iraq/Kurds (1932-present)".
  3. ^ Tripp, Charles (2007). A History of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. pp. xii. ISBN 9780521702478.
  4. ^ J. Schofield, Militarization and War, p. 122
  5. ^ a b c d e Salama, Sammy; Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (2008). An Analytical History: Iraq's Armed Forces. Routledge. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-415-40078-7.
  6. ^ Dixon, Jeffrey S.; Sarkees, Meredith Reid (2015-10-22). A Guide to Intra-state Wars. SAGE. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-87289-775-5.
  7. ^ Dixon, Jeffrey S.; Sarkees, Meredith Reid (2015-10-22). A Guide to Intra-state Wars. SAGE. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-87289-775-5.
  8. ^ "18. Iraq/Kurds (1932-present)".
  9. ^ Kingsbury, Damien (2021-02-27). Separatism and the State. Taylor & Francis. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-000-36870-3. The failure of this agreement, in particular over control of the Kirkuk oil fields. led to an Iraqi offensive against Kurdish forces in what became known as the Second Iraqi-Kurdish War. Mustafa Barzani made the strategic error of moving away asymmetric warfare, at which the Kurds excelled, towards conventional warfare. Lacking heavy weapons and, in 1975, losing Iranian support, the Kurds were defeated and the PDK went into exile in neighboring Iran. Up to 20,000 died in this conflict
  10. ^ a b "Iraq (Kurds)". Minorities at Risk. University of Maryland. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
  11. ^ Brogan, Patrick (1989). World Conflicts. London: Bloomsbury. p. 298. ISBN 0-7475-0260-9.
  12. ^ "All wars in the 20th century, since 1900 | the Polynational War Memorial".
  13. ^ "18. Iraq/Kurds (1932-present)".
  14. ^ p.48 "The Second Kurdish-Iraqi War (1974-1975)" Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.