Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska
Република Српска
Republika Srpska Република Српска
Entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina
	; Flag ; Seal
	Anthem: Moja Republika
	Republika Srpska (red) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
	Location of Republika Srpska in Europe
Proclaimed	9 January 1992
Recognised as part of Bosnia and Herzegovina	14 December 1995
Capital	Sarajevo (de jure); Banja Luka (de facto)
Largest city	Banja Luka
Official languages	Serbian; Bosnian; Croatiana;
Ethnic groups	83.0% Serbs; 12.7% Bosniaks; 2.3% Croats; 2.1% others;
Religion	82.8% Eastern Orthodoxy; 12.8% Islam; 2.2% Catholicism; 2.1% others;
Government	Federated state
• President	Vacant (disputed)
• Prime Minister	Savo Minić (disputed)
• Speaker of the National Assembly	Nenad Stevandić
Legislature	National Assembly
Area
• Total	24,641 km2 (9,514 sq mi)
Population
• 2023 estimate	1,114,819
• 2013 census	1,170,342
• Density	45.2/km2 (117.1/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$9.429 billion
• Per capita	$8,458
HDI (2022)	0.776; high
Currency	Convertible mark (BAM)
Time zone	UTC+02:00 (+01:00)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	Right
Calling code	+387
ISO 3166 code	BA-SRP
	aThe Constitution of Republika Srpska avoids naming "Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian", instead listing them as "the language of the Serb people, the language of the Bosniak people and the language of the Croat people" due to the ongoing debate over the separation of these languages.

Republika Srpska (Serbian Cyrillic: Република Српска, pronounced [repǔblika sr̩̂pskaː] ^ⓘ), also referred to as the Republic of Srpska or the Serb Republic, is one of the three political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the others being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brčko District. Situated in the northern and eastern regions of the country, it recorded a population of 1,228,423 in the 2013 census. Its largest city and administrative hub is Banja Luka, located on the banks of the Vrbas River.

Republika Srpska was established in 1992 at the onset of the Bosnian War with the stated purpose of safeguarding the interests of the Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the conflict, the expulsion of the majority of Croats and Bosniaks from territories controlled by Republika Srpska occurred, while the majority of Serbs were displaced or expelled from the present-day Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Republika Srpska. The 1995 Dayton Agreement created Republika Srpska as one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's two constituent entities. Today, it is inhabited by the Serb population of the country.

The entity operates under a parliamentary system, with legislative power vested in the National Assembly, which comprises 83 seats. While Republika Srpska is relatively centralized, it is administratively divided into 64 municipalities, known as opštine (singular: opština).^[5] The current legislative term marks the tenth session since its inception.

^ "Constitution of the Republika Srpska – official website of the Office of the High Representative". Archived from the original on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
^ Mihaylov, Valentin (2020). "Ethnoterritorial Divisions and Urban Geopolitics in Post-Yugoslav Mostar". Spatial Conflicts and Divisions in Post-socialist Cities. The Urban Book Series. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag. p. 95. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61765-3_6. ISBN 978-3-030-61765-3. ISSN 2365-7588. S2CID 234970806. Bosniaks prevail in the capital city of Sarajevo, while Serbs are dominant in their entity and its capital, Banja Luka. Although Sarajevo is the capital of the entire multinational federation, Serbs and Croats often perceive it as a city governed by Bosniaks. Like many other cities, villages, municipalities and regions across Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mostar underwent the period of national homogenization as a result of ethnic cleansing or forced migration in the face of extreme nationalism and violence. Unlike Sarajevo and Banja Luka, no ethnic group succeeded in achieving full supremacy in Mostar.
^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ "Decision on Constitutional Amendments in Republika Srpska". Office of the High Representative. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
^ "Bosnia-Herzegovina profile". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.

[ohr.int-1] "Constitution of the Republika Srpska – official website of the Office of the High Representative". Archived from the original on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2008.

[Mihaylov_2020-2] Mihaylov, Valentin (2020). "Ethnoterritorial Divisions and Urban Geopolitics in Post-Yugoslav Mostar". Spatial Conflicts and Divisions in Post-socialist Cities. The Urban Book Series. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag. p. 95. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61765-3_6. ISBN 978-3-030-61765-3. ISSN 2365-7588. S2CID 234970806. Bosniaks prevail in the capital city of Sarajevo, while Serbs are dominant in their entity and its capital, Banja Luka. Although Sarajevo is the capital of the entire multinational federation, Serbs and Croats often perceive it as a city governed by Bosniaks. Like many other cities, villages, municipalities and regions across Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mostar underwent the period of national homogenization as a result of ethnic cleansing or forced migration in the face of extreme nationalism and violence. Unlike Sarajevo and Banja Luka, no ethnic group succeeded in achieving full supremacy in Mostar.

[3] "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.

[4] "Decision on Constitutional Amendments in Republika Srpska". Office of the High Representative. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2010.

[5] "Bosnia-Herzegovina profile". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.

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