Oklahoma

Oklahoma
Oklahumma (Choctaw)
ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ (Cherokee)
State
Flag
Seal
Nicknames: 
  • Native America (official)
  • Land of the Red Man
  • Sooner State
Motto(s): 
Labor omnia vincit
(English: "Work conquers all")
Anthem: "Oklahoma" and
"Oklahoma Hills"
Location of Oklahoma within the United States
CountryUnited States
Before statehood
  • Indian Territory (Independent, 1834–1907)
  • Oklahoma Territory (U.S. jurisdiction, 1890–1907)
Admitted to the UnionNovember 16, 1907 (1907-11-16) (46th)
Capital
(and largest city)		Oklahoma City
Largest county or equivalentOklahoma
Largest metro and urban areasGreater Oklahoma City
Government
 • GovernorKevin Stitt (R)
 • Lieutenant GovernorMatt Pinnell (R)
LegislatureOklahoma Legislature
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseHouse of Representatives
JudiciaryOklahoma Supreme Court (civil)
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (criminal)
U.S. senators
U.S. House delegation5 Republicans (list)
Area
 • Total
69,699 sq mi (180,519 km2)
 • Land68,595 sq mi (177,660 km2)
 • Water1,304 sq mi (3,377 km2)  1.9%
 • Rank20th
Dimensions
 • Length468 mi (756 km)
 • Width230 mi (370 km)
Elevation
1,300 ft (400 m)
Highest elevation
(Black Mesa[1][a])
4,975 ft (1,516 m)
Lowest elevation
(Little River at Arkansas border[1][a])
289 ft (88 m)
Population
 (2024)
 • Total
 4,095,393[2]
 • Rank28th
 • Density55.20/sq mi (21.30/km2)
  • Rank34th
 • Median household income
$62,100 (2023)[3]
 • Income rank
43rd
Demonym(s)Oklahoman;
Okie (colloq., historically derogatory);
Sooner (historically)
Language
 • Official languageEnglish, Choctaw, Cherokee[b][4][5][6]
Time zones
entire state (legally)UTC−06:00 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
Kenton (informally)UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation
OK
ISO 3166 codeUS-OK
Traditional abbreviationOkla.
Latitude33°37' N to 37° N
Longitude94° 26' W to 103° W (35°N 98°W / 35°N 98°W / 35; -98 (State of Oklahoma))
Websiteoklahoma.gov
State symbols of Oklahoma
List of state symbols
Flag of Oklahoma
Seal of Oklahoma
Living insignia
AmphibianBullfrog[9]
BirdScissor-tailed Flycatcher[10]
FishSand bass[11]
Flower
  • Oklahoma Rose
  • Wildflower: Indian Blanket
GrassIndian Grass
InsectEuropean honey bee
MammalAmerican bison[7]
ReptileMountain Boomer
TreeRedbud
Inanimate insignia
BeverageMilk[14]
Color(s)Green and white
DanceWaltz: "Oklahoma Wind"
DinosaurAcrocanthosaurus atokensis[8]
Folk danceSquare dance
FossilSaurophaganax maximus[12]
InstrumentDrum[13]
RockRose Rock
SoilPort Silt Loam
TartanOklahoma Tartan
Other
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2008, as part of the state quarters series. Oklahoma's state bird flying above its state wildflower.[15]
Lists of United States state symbols

Oklahoma (/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ⓘ OHK-lə-HOH-mə;[25] Choctaw: Oklahumma, pronounced [oklahómma])[26] is a landlocked state in the South Central and Southwestern region of the United States.[27] It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northeast, Arkansas to the southeast, New Mexico to the west, and Colorado to the northwest. Partially in the western extreme of the Upland South, it is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its residents are known as Oklahomans and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla, 'people' and humma, which translates as 'red'.[28] Oklahoma is also known informally by its nickname, "The Sooner State", in reference to the Sooners, American settlers who staked their claims in formerly American Indian-owned lands until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 authorized the Land Rush of 1889 opening the land to settlement.

With ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, all regions prone to severe weather.[29] Oklahoma is at a confluence of three major American cultural regions. Historically, it served as a government-sanctioned territory for American Indians moved from east of the Mississippi River, a route for cattle drives from Texas and related regions, and a destination for Southern settlers. There are currently 25 Indigenous languages spoken in Oklahoma.[30] According to the 2020 U.S. census, 14.2 percent of Oklahomans identify as American Indians, the highest Indigenous population by percentage in any state.[31]

A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.[32] Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas.[33]

  1. ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  2. ^ "United States Census Quick Facts Oklahoma". Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  3. ^ "Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023" (PDF). Retrieved January 12, 2025.
  4. ^ "Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB" (PDF). Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  5. ^ "UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language" (PDF). United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference CARLA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Oklahoma State Animal—Buffalo". State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  8. ^ "Oklahoma State Dinosaur—Acrocanthosaurus atokensis". State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  9. ^ "Oklahoma State Amphibian—Bullfrog". State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  10. ^ a b "Oklahoma State Icons". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2007.
  11. ^ "Oklahoma State Fish—White Bass". State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  12. ^ "Oklahoma State Fossil". State fossils. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2007.
  13. ^ "Oklahoma State Percussive Instrument—Drum". State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  14. ^ "Oklahoma State Beverage—Milk". State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  15. ^ "New Oklahoma Quarter Launches into History". United States Mint. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2008.
  16. ^ Oklahoma Statutes, §25–98.8
  17. ^ "Oklahoma State Cartoon Character—Gusty". State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  18. ^ "Oklahoma State Symbols and Emblems—Complete list of Oklahoma state symbols including the state flag and state seal from NETSTATE.COM". Netstate.com. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  19. ^ "Watermelon State Vegetable". State Symbols USA. September 6, 2014. Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  20. ^ Matthew Weaver (April 18, 2007). "It's a scandal: Oklahoma declares watermelon a vegetable". The Guardian.
  21. ^ "Oklahoma State Game Bird—Wild Turkey". State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  22. ^ "Oklahoma State Monument—Golden Driller". State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  23. ^ John Benson (April 28, 2009). "Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009.
  24. ^ "Oklahoma State Theater Group—Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma". State Symbols USA. September 7, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  25. ^ "Oklahoma". Dictionary.com. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  26. ^ "New Choctaw Dictionary" (PDF). Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference regdiv was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ "Choctaw place names in "Oklahumma"". Chahta Anumpa Aiikhvna School of Choctaw Language. Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on November 5, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference Oklahoma Terrain was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference languages was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ "Detailed Data of Hundreds of American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes". U.S. Bureau of the Census. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference Oklahoma's Economy 1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (csv) on September 14, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2007.


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