Northern Cyprus

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: 
İstiklâl Marşı
"Independence March"
StatusDe facto state with limited recognition, internationally recognised as territory of Cyprus
Capital
and largest city
North Nicosia (de facto)
Nicosia (de jure)[1]
35°11′N 33°22′E / 35.183°N 33.367°E / 35.183; 33.367
Official languagesTurkish
VernacularCypriot Turkish
Demonym(s)
  • Turkish Cypriot
  • Cypriot Turk
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Ersin Tatar
• Prime Minister
Ünal Üstel
• Assembly Speaker
Ziya Öztürkler
LegislatureAssembly of the Republic
Independence 
from Cyprus
20 July 1974
• Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration
1 October 1974
• Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
13 February 1975
• Declaration of independence
15 November 1983[2]
Area
• Total
3,355 km2 (1,295 sq mi) (unranked)
Population
• 2021 estimate
382,836[3]
• Density
114/km2 (295.3/sq mi) (unranked)
GDP (nominal)2018 estimate
• Total
$4.234 billion[4]
• Per capita
$14,942[4]
CurrencyTurkish lira (₺) (TRY)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Calling code+90 392
Internet TLDct.tr/nc.tr or .tr

Northern Cyprus,[a] officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC),[b] is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey;[5][6] all other states consider it territory of the Republic of Cyprus under Turkish military occupation. Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone controlled by the United Nations (UN) stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.

A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of Greece's attempt to annex the island, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. UN Security Council Resolution 541 rejected the declaration as illegal and urged UN members not to recognise it. Attempts to resolve the Cyprus problem have been unsuccessful; Northern Cyprus and Turkey favor a two-state solution, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union (EU), and the UN favor a federalized Cyprus.[7]

Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.[8][9][10] This has led some experts to describe Northern Cyprus as a puppet state of Turkey; others have contested the label, as Northern Cyprus holds independent elections and has had disputes with the Turkish government. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the EU, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several UN Security Council resolutions.[11]

Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular.[12] Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.

  1. ^ "The Constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". www.cypnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Declaration was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Muhammet İkbal Arslan (10 October 2022). "KKTC'nin nüfusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandı" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency.
  4. ^ a b "KKTC Ekonomik Göstergeler Raporu" (PDF). kei.gov.tr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  5. ^ Griffiths, Ryan D. (2021). Secession and the Sovereignty Game: Strategy and Tactics for Aspiring Nations. Cornell University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-5017-5474-6. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctv153k63s. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  6. ^ Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights / Annuaire de la convention européenne des droits de l'homme. Council of Europe/Conseil de l'Europe. 1996. p. 153. ... that despite the fact that it has not been recognised de iure by any other State than Turkey, the TRNC exist de facto as an independent State exercising all branches of State power on its territory.
  7. ^ Stamouli, Nektaria (20 July 2024). "Erdoğan dashes hopes for resumption of Cyprus talks on invasion's 50th anniversary". Politico. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  8. ^ Central Intelligence Agency (8 October 2013). "Northern Cyprus". The CIA World Factbook 2014. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 691. ISBN 978-1-62873-451-5. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. The Turkish Cypriots are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish Government. Ankara directly finances about one-third of the Turkish Cypriot "administration's" budget.
  9. ^ Boas, Gideon (1 January 2012). Public International Law: Contemporary Principles and Perspectives. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-85793-956-2. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. For example, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, located in the northern portion of the island of Cyprus, came about through ... from only one state — Turkey, upon which it is entirely dependent for economic, political and military support.
  10. ^ Navaro-Yashin, Yael (12 March 2012). The Make-Believe Space: Affective Geography in a Postwar Polity. Durham, NC / London: Duke University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8223-5204-4. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Economic embargoes have been imposed on the TRNC, making northern Cyprus almost completely dependent on Turkey.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference autogenerated2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Langfield, Michele; Logan, William; Craith, Mairead Nic, eds. (2010). Cultural Diversity, Heritage and Human Rights: Intersections in Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-135-19070-5. The tradition for Turkish Cypriots is one of secularism, not of mosque attendance.


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