Ne Win

In this Burmese name, the given name is Ne Win. There is no family name.

  • General
  • Agga Maha Thray Sithu[1][2]
Ne Win
နေဝင်း
Ne Win in 1959
Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party
In office
4 July 1962 – 23 July 1988
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded bySein Lwin
4th President of Burma
In office
2 March 1974 – 9 November 1981
Prime Minister
  • Sein Win
  • Maung Maung Kha
Preceded by
  • Himself
    (as Chairman of the URC)
  • Win Maung
    (as President, 1962)
Succeeded bySan Yu
Chairman of the Union Revolutionary Council
In office
2 March 1962 – 2 March 1974
DeputyAung Gyi
Preceded byPosition established; Win Maung
(as President)
Succeeded byPosition abolished; Himself
(as President)
Other offices held
3rd Prime Minister of Burma
In office
2 March 1962 – 2 March 1974
LeaderHimself
Preceded by Nu
Succeeded bySein Win
In office
29 October 1958 – 4 April 1960
PresidentWin Maung
Deputy
  • Thein Maung
  • Lun Baw
Preceded byNu
Succeeded byNu
Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar
In office
2 April 1949 – 10 December 1949
Prime MinisterNu
Preceded byKyaw Nyein
Succeeded bySao Hkun Hkio
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
In office
1 February 1949 – 20 April 1972
Deputy
  • Aung Gyi
  • San Yu
Preceded bySmith Dun
Succeeded bySan Yu
Personal details
Born
Shu Maung

(1911-05-24)24 May 1911
Paungdale, Pegu Province, Lower Burma, British India (present-day Myanmar)
Died5 December 2002(2002-12-05) (aged 92)
Yangon, Myanmar
Resting placeAshes scattered into Yangon River
Political partyBSPP
Spouses5, including Yadana Nat Mei
Children6, including Sandar Win
Alma materRangoon University
Occupation
  • General
  • politician
Awards
  • Agga Maha Thray Sithu (Myanmar)[1][2]
  • Order of the Rajamitrabhorn (Thailand)[3]
  • Bintang Jasa Utama (Indonesia)[4]
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
Branch/service Myanmar Army
Years of service1931–1974
Rank General
Battles/warsSecond World War

Ne Win[a] (born Shu Maung;[b] 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002) was a Burmese army general, politician and Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981.[5][6][7] Ne Win was Burma's military dictator during the Socialist Burma period of 1962 to 1988.[c]

Ne Win founded the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) and overthrew the democratic Union Parliament of U Nu in the 1962 Burmese coup d'état, establishing Burma as a one-party socialist state under the Burmese Way to Socialism ideology.[8] Ne Win was Burma's de facto leader as chairman of the BSPP, serving in various official titles as part of his military government, and was known by his supporters as U Ne Win.[d][9][10] His rule was characterized by a non-aligned foreign policy, isolationism, one-party rule, economic stagnation, and superstition.[11] Ne Win resigned in July 1988 in response to the 8888 Uprising that overthrew the Burma Socialist Programme Party, and was replaced by the military junta of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). He held minor influence in the 1990s but was eventually placed under house arrest, under which he died in 2002. There was no state funeral, public eulogy or monument in his memory.[12]

In foreign affairs, Ne Win followed a strictly neutralist policy during the Cold War, participating in the Non-Aligned Movement and keeping his distance from both the United States and the Soviet Union.[13] On the other hand, his relations with Mao Zedong and the People's Republic of China were initially excellent, but were temporarily broken between 1967 and 1971, due to Mao's covert support for the Communist insurgency within Burma and the outbreak of anti-Chinese riots by regime supporters; however, in March 1971 relations were fully restored and Chinese economic aid continued.[14]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference myodr was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference irwdy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference thodr was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference dsmuseum was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "U Ne Win | Myanmar general and dictator". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  6. ^ C. P. Cook (June 1970). "Burma: The Era of Ne Win". The World Today. 26 (6): 259–266. JSTOR 40394388.
  7. ^ Frank Milne (23 November 2015). "Review of General Ne Win: A Political Biography". New Mandala.
  8. ^ Lindsay Maizland (31 January 2022). "Myanmar has been ruled by a military junta for many of the years since it gained independence from British colonial rule in 1948. The Union of Burma began as a parliamentary democracy, like most of its newly independent neighbors on the Indian subcontinent. But representative democracy only lasted until 1962, when General Ne Win led a military coup and held power for the next twenty-six years". Council on Foreign Relations.
  9. ^ "U Ne Win". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  10. ^ "U Ne Win". Biography.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  11. ^ Taylor 2015, p. 67.
  12. ^ "Ne Win: Understanding the 'old man'". Frontier Myanmar. 14 January 2016. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  13. ^ Yawnghwe 1990, p. 45-47.
  14. ^ Ne Win Military Rule – Neutralism and Seclusion Archived 16 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine Globalsecurity.org


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