National Democratic Party of Germany
The Homeland Die Heimat | |
|---|---|
| Party Chairman | Peter Schreiber |
| Founders |
|
| Founded | 28 November 1964 |
| Merger of | |
| Headquarters | Carl-Arthur-Bühring-Haus, Seelenbinderstrasse 42, 12555 Berlin |
| Newspaper | Deutsche Stimme |
| Youth wing | Junge Nationalisten[4] |
| Membership | 3,000 (2022 est.)[5] |
| Ideology | Neo-Nazism[6][7][8][9][10][11] German ultranationalism[11] |
| Political position | Far-right[12] |
| European affiliation | Alliance for Peace and Freedom |
| European Parliament group | Non-Inscrits |
| Colours |
|
| Slogan | Die soziale Heimatpartei ('The Social Homeland Party') |
| Bundestag | 0 / 630 |
| Bundesrat | 0 / 69 |
| State Parliaments | 0 / 1,821 |
| European Parliament | 0 / 96 |
| Party flag | |
| Website | |
| die-heimat.de | |
| |
| Part of a series on |
| Neo-Nazism |
|---|
The National Democratic Party of Germany (German: Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands, NPD), officially called The Homeland (Die Heimat) since 2023, is a far-right, neo-Nazi and ultranationalist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1964 as successor to the German Reich Party (Deutsche Reichspartei, DRP). Party statements also self-identified the party as Germany's "only significant patriotic force" (2012).[14] On 1 January 2011, the nationalist German People's Union merged with the NPD and the party name of the National Democratic Party of Germany was extended by the addition of "The People's Union".[15]
As a neo-Nazi organization,[16][17] it has been referred to as "the most significant neo-Nazi party to emerge after 1945".[18] The German Federal Agency for Civic Education, or BPB, has criticized the NPD for working with members of organizations which were later found unconstitutional by the federal courts and disbanded,[19][20] while the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), Germany's domestic security agency, classifies The Homeland as a "threat to the constitutional order" because of its platform and ideology, and it is under their observation.[21] An effort to outlaw the party failed in 2003, as the government had many informers and agents in the party, some in high position, who had written part of the material used against them.[22]
Since its founding in 1964, the party has never managed to win enough votes on the federal level to cross Germany's 5% minimum threshold for representation in the Bundestag; it has succeeded in crossing the 5% threshold and gaining representation in state parliaments 11 times, including one-convocation entry to seven West German state parliaments between November 1966 and April 1968 and two-convocation electoral success in two East German states of Saxony and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern between 2004 and 2011.[23] Since 2016, The Homeland has not been represented in state parliaments. Udo Voigt led the NPD from 1996 to 2011.[21] He was succeeded by Holger Apfel,[24] who in turn was replaced by Udo Pastörs in December 2013. In November 2014, Pastörs was ousted and Frank Franz became the party's leader. Voigt was elected the party's first Member of the European Parliament in 2014. The party lost the seat in the 2019 European Parliament election. In June 2023, the party renamed itself to Die Heimat after a party vote.[25][26]
On 23 January 2024, the Federal Constitutional Court excluded the party from party funding for six years, arguing that it continued to oppose the fundamental principles that are indispensable for the free democratic constitutional state and aimed to eliminate them.[27]
- ^ Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson & Michalina Vaughan (1991), Neo-Fascism in Europe, Longman, p. 71
- ^ Horst W. Schmollinger, Richard Stöss (1975), Die Parteien und die Presse der Parteien und Gewerkschaften in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1945–1974, Westdeutscher Verlag, p. 187
- ^ Stöss, Richard (1989). Die extreme Rechte in der Bundesrepublik: Entwicklung – Ursachen – Gegenmaßnahmen. Westdeutscher Verlag. p. 126
- ^ "Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands" (PDF). 16 June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ Brief summary 2022 Report on the Protection of the Constitution. Facts and trends verfassungsschutz.de
- ^ Schori Liang, Christina (2013). "'Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Radical Left After Reunification". In Christina Schori Liang (ed.). Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-4094-9825-4. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
- ^ "Neo-Nazi NPD party takes hold in municipal vote in Saxony". thelocal.de/. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ "Neo-Nazis push into town councils". thelocal.de. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
The neo-Nazi NPD party is entering several German city parliaments for the first time after this weekend's local elections, news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Monday.
- ^ "Neonazis in der NPD auf dem Vormarsch". Süddeutsche Zeitung. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
Das neonazistische Spektrum hat seinen Einfluss innerhalb der NPD ausgebaut.
- ^ *Neo-Nazis push into town councils Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine published by thelocal.de on 9 June 2009 "The neo-Nazi NPD party is entering several German city parliaments for the first time after this weekend's local elections, news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Monday."
- Neonazis in der NPD auf dem Vormarsch Archived 18 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine published by sueddeutsche.de on 19 May 2009 "Das neonazistische Spektrum hat seinen Einfluss innerhalb der NPD ausgebaut."
- Verfassungsschutzbericht 2010 published by the German Ministry of the Interior p. 67 "Die ethnisch homogene „Volksgemeinschaft" stellt für sie das Kernelement dar."
- The National Democratic Party: Left Radicalism in the Federal Republic of Germany by John D. Nagle and published by Hardcover on 1 December 1970
- Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right Archived 15 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine Chapter: 'Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Alt Right After Reunification by Christina Schori Liang and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. in 2013 p. 139
- Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups Archived 20 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
- Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics Archived 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
- Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2 Archived 20 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
- The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany Archived 20 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
- Encyclopaedia of international law Archived 25 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
- The beast reawakens Archived 19 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"
- ^ a b Pikulicka-Wilczewska, Agnieszka (21 April 2018). "German town on alert as neo-Nazi festival, counter events held". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^
- Caiani, Manuela; della Porta, Donatella; Wagemann, Claudius (2012). Mobilizing on the Extreme Right: Germany, Italy, and the United States. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 194. ISBN 9780199641260.
- "European Court Could Thwart Bid to Ban Far-Right Party". Der Spiegel. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- "German far-right NPD threatens vigilante patrols". BBC News. 4 January 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
- Berg, Nate (14 May 2019). "Germany's 'joke' party wants seat at EU table". Politico.
- ^ "tagesschau.de". tagesschau.de.
- ^ "NPD – einzige ernstzunehmende nationale Kraft!". NPD. 28 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ "NPD – Start". NPD. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
- ^ * Liang, Christina Schori (2013). "'Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Radical Left After Reunification". Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. p. 139. ISBN 9781409498254. Retrieved 8 November 2023.* "Neo-Nazi NPD party takes hold in municipal vote in Saxony". thelocal.de. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2023.* "Neo-Nazis push into town councils". thelocal.de. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
The neo-Nazi NPD party is entering several German city parliaments for the first time after this weekend's local elections, news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Monday.
* "Neonazis in der NPD auf dem Vormarsch" [Neo-Nazis in the NPD on the rise]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2023.Das neonazistische Spektrum hat seinen Einfluss innerhalb der NPD ausgebaut.
[The neo-Nazi spectrum has expanded its influence within the NPD.]* "Verfassungsschutzbericht 2010". German Ministry of the Interior. p. 67. "Die ethnisch homogene „Volksgemeinschaft“ stellt für sie das Kernelement dar. ("The ethnically homogeneous 'national community' represents the core element for them.")- John D. Nagle (1 December 1970). The National Democratic Party: Right Radicalism in the Federal Republic of Germany. University of California Press.
- Stephen E. Atkins. Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups. p. 106. "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
- Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics. p. 318. "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
- Bernard A. Cook. Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2. p. 903. "possibly deserving of the label 'neofascist' ... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
- Roderick Stackelberg. The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany p. 287. "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
- Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. Encyclopaedia of international lawArchived 25 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. p. 180. "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
- Martin A. Lee. The beast reawakens. "neo-Nazi NPD"
- Pikulicka-Wilczewska, Agnieszka (21 April 2018). "German town on alert as neo-Nazi festival, counter events held". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Pikulicka-Wilczewska, Agnieszka (21 April 2018). "German town on alert as neo-Nazi festival, counter events held". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Peter Davies, Derek Lynch, The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right, Psychology Press, 2002, pg. 315
- ^ "Rechtsextremismus". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
Auch zeigte sich die NPD nun bereit, mit radikalen Kräften aus dem parteiungebundenen Spektrum zusammenzuarbeiten. Formal gilt nach wie vor ein Unvereinbarkeitsbeschluss der NPD-Mitgliedschaft mit der Mitgliedschaft in verbotenen Gruppierungen. Faktisch jedoch setzt sich die NPD mit ihrer Strategie bewusst über die offizielle Verlautbarung hinweg. Die NPD wolle in Zukunft mit denjenigen zusammenzuarbeiten, die dazu bereit seien, 'als politische Soldaten zu denken und zu handeln', so die neue Strategie.
- ^ "Zusammenspiel zwischen NPD und Neonazis im niedersächsischen Landtagswahlkampf". Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz Bremen. 30 November 2007. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
Die Kooperation zwischen der NPD und den Freien Nationalisten (Angehörige von neonazistischen Kameradschaften) prägt das Auftreten der Partei im niedersächsischen Landtagswahlkampf. Bekannte Neonazis treten für die NPD als Direktkandidaten an, z.B. Dennis BÜHRIG in Bergen, Klaus HELLMUND in Celle, Mathias BEHRENS in Soltau oder Dieter RIEFLING in Hildesheim.
- ^ a b "Austrian 'neo-Nazi' joins NPD's executive committee" (8 April 2009). Archived 31 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Austrian Times.
- ^ "V-Mann-Affäre". Focus. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Zicht, Wilko. "Wahlergebnisse". Wahlrecht.de (in German). Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ "Stabwechsel bei der NPD". Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Blick nach rechts. Accessed 14 November 2011.
- ^ "Rechtsextreme NPD heißt jetzt 'Die Heimat'" [Right Wing NPD Now Named "Die Heimat"]. Spiegel (in German). 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Verzeichnis der Parteien und politischen Vereinigungen, die gemäß § 6 Absatz 3 Parteiengesetz bei der Bundeswahlleiterin Parteiunterlagen hinterlegt haben" (PDF). bundeswahlleiterin.de (in German).
- ^ "Die Partei Die Heimat (vormals NPD) ist für die Dauer von sechs Jahren von der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung ausgeschlossen". Bundesverfassungsgericht.de. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.