| Montgomery bus boycott |
|---|
|
Rosa Parks on a Montgomery bus on December 20, 1956, the day Montgomery's public transportation system was legally integrated. Behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, a UPI reporter covering the event. |
| Date | December 5, 1955 – December 20, 1956 (1955-12-05 – 1956-12-20) |
|---|
| Location | |
|---|
| Caused by |
|
|---|
| Resulted in |
|
|---|
|
- Women's Political Council (WPC)
- Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
|
- City Commission of Montgomery
- National City Lines
- Montgomery City Lines
- Montgomery Citizens Council
|
|
|
City Commission
- W. A. Gayle, President of the Commission (mayor)
- Frank Parks, Commissioner
- Clyde Sellers, Police Commissioner
National City Lines
- Kenneth E. Totten, vice president
Montgomery City Lines
- J.H. Bagley, manager
- Jack Crenshaw, attorney
- James F. Blake, bus driver
|
|
|---|
State of Alabama
- Alabama Pupil Placement Law
- NAACP v. Patterson
- NAACP v. Alabama
- United States v. Alabama
- Original Freedom Rides
- George Wallace's Inaugural Address
- United States v. Wallace
- Hamilton v. Alabama
City of Birmingham
- Bombingham
- Birmingham bus boycott
- First Bethel Baptist Church bombing
- Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Board of Education
- Birmingham sit-ins
- Armstrong v. Birmingham Board of Education
- Anniston bus bombing
- Birmingham bus attack
- Gober v. City of Birmingham
- Birmingham campaign
- Children's Crusade
- Gaston Motel and King residence bombings
- Birmingham riot of 1963
- 16th Street Baptist Church bombing
- Shooting of Johnny Robinson
- Murder of Virgil Lamar Ware
- Katzenbach v. McClung
- Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
City of Montgomery
- Browder v. Gayle
- Robert Graetz residence bombing
- Martin Luther King Jr. residence bombing
- Gilmore v. City of Montgomery
- Montgomery sit-ins
- Connecticut Freedom Ride
- New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
- Selma to Montgomery marches
- U.S. v. Montgomery County Board of Ed.
- Smith v. Young Men's Christian Association
- Gilmore v. City of Montgomery
City of Selma
- Selma to Montgomery marches
- Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
- Murder of James Reeb
- Murder of Viola Liuzzo
City of Tuscaloosa
- Lucy v. Adams
- University of Alabama desegregation crisis
- Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
- Bloody Tuesday
City of Tuskegee
- Tuskegee merchant boycott
- Alabama Act 140
- Tuskegee sit-ins
- Gomillion v. Lightfoot
- Tuskegee High School desegregation crisis
- Murder of Sammy Younge Jr.
- Lee v. Macon County Board of Education
Other localities
- Murder of Willie Edwards
- Murder of William Lewis Moore
- Murder of Willie Brewster
- Murder of Jonathan Daniels
|
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional.[1]