Methyl isocyanate

Methyl isocyanate
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Isocyanatomethane
	Other names Methyl carbylamine; MIC
Identifiers
CAS Number	624-83-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:59059 ;
ChemSpider	11727 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.009.879
IUPHAR/BPS	6290;
PubChem CID	12228;
UNII	C588JJ4BV9 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1023786 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2H3NO/c1-3-2-4/h1H3 Key: HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES O=C=NC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C2H3NO
Molar mass	57.051 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Sharp, pungent odor
Density	0.9230 g/cm3 at 27 °C
Melting point	−45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K)
Boiling point	38.3–41 °C (100.9–105.8 °F; 311.4–314.1 K)
Solubility in water	10% (15°C)
Vapor pressure	57.7 kPa
Structure
Dipole moment	2.8 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−92.0 kJ·mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	-1.1275E+06 J/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Hazard statements	H225, H300, H311, H315, H317, H318, H330, H334, H335, H361d
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P284, P285, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P342+P311, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	4 3 3 W
Flash point	−7 °C (19 °F; 266 K)
Autoignition; temperature	534 °C (993 °F; 807 K)
Explosive limits	5.3–26%
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	120 mg/kg (oral, mouse); 51.5 mg/kg (oral, rat)
LC50 (median concentration)	6.1 ppm (rat, 6 hr); 12.2 ppm (mouse, 6 hr); 5.4 ppm (guinea pig, 6 hr); 21 ppm (rat, 2 hr)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.02 ppm (0.05 mg/m3) [skin]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.02 ppm (0.05 mg/m3) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	3 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds	Methyl isothiocyanate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH₃NCO. Synonyms are isocyanatomethane and methyl carbylamine. Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate chemical in the production of carbamate pesticides and Haffmann Bromamide Degradation (such as carbaryl, carbofuran, methomyl, and aldicarb). It has also been used in the production of rubbers and adhesives. As an extremely toxic and irritating compound, it is very hazardous to human health. MIC was the principal toxicant involved in the Bhopal gas disaster, which short-term killed 4,000–8,000 people and caused permanent injury and premature deaths to approximately 15,000-20,000.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] It is also a very potent lachrymatory agent.^[11]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0423". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
^ Lemoult (1898). "Sur les éthers isocyaniques et la chaleur de formation de l'acide cyanique liquide" [On Isocyanic Ethers and the Heat of Formation of Liquid Cyanic Acid]. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 126: 43.
^ ^a ^b "Methyl isocyanate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ "NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals". nmsu.edu. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^ Broughton E (May 2005). "The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review". Environmental Health. 4 (1): 6. Bibcode:2005EnvHe...4....6B. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-4-6. PMC 1142333. PMID 15882472.
^ Eckerman I (2001). "Chemical Industry and Public Health — Bhopal as an example" (PDF). MPH. 2001 (24). Göteborg, Sweden: Nordic School of Public Health. ISSN 1104-5701. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2012.
^ Eckerman I (2004). The Bhopal Saga - Causes and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster. India: Universities Press. ISBN 81-7371-515-7. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007.
^ Rosenberg J. "At 1984 - Huge Poison Gas Leak in Bhopal, India". About.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
^ Eckerman I (2013). "Bhopal Gas Catastrophe 1984: Causes and Consequences". Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier. pp. 272–287. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.01903-5. ISBN 978-0-12-409548-9.
^ Cite error: The named reference Kimmerle was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[PGCH-1] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0423". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[hand-2] Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.

[3] Lemoult (1898). "Sur les éthers isocyaniques et la chaleur de formation de l'acide cyanique liquide" [On Isocyanic Ethers and the Heat of Formation of Liquid Cyanic Acid]. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 126: 43.

[IDLH-4] "Methyl isocyanate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[5] "NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals". nmsu.edu. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[irs-6] Broughton E (May 2005). "The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review". Environmental Health. 4 (1): 6. Bibcode:2005EnvHe...4....6B. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-4-6. PMC 1142333. PMID 15882472.

[7] Eckerman I (2001). "Chemical Industry and Public Health — Bhopal as an example" (PDF). MPH. 2001 (24). Göteborg, Sweden: Nordic School of Public Health. ISSN 1104-5701. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2012.

[8] Eckerman I (2004). The Bhopal Saga - Causes and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster. India: Universities Press. ISBN 81-7371-515-7. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007.

[9] Rosenberg J. "At 1984 - Huge Poison Gas Leak in Bhopal, India". About.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2008.

[Eckerman2013-10] Eckerman I (2013). "Bhopal Gas Catastrophe 1984: Causes and Consequences". Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier. pp. 272–287. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.01903-5. ISBN 978-0-12-409548-9.

[Kimmerle-11] Cite error: The named reference Kimmerle was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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