Makemake

136472 Makemake
Low-resolution image of Makemake and its unnamed moon S/2015 (136472) 1 by the Hubble Space Telescope, April 2015
Discovery
Discovered by
  • Michael E. Brown
  • Chad Trujillo
  • David Rabinowitz
Discovery dateMarch 31, 2005
Designations
(136472) Makemake
PronunciationUK: /ˌmækiˈmæki/, US: /ˌmɑːkiˈmɑːki/ or /ˌmɑːkeɪˈmɑːkeɪ/ ⓘ[a]
Named after
Makemake
Alternative designations
2005 FY9
Minor planet category
AdjectivesMakemakean[6]
Symbol (mostly astrological)
Orbital characteristics[7]
Epoch May 31, 2020
(JD 2458900.5)
Earliest precovery dateJanuary 29, 1955
Aphelion52.756 AU (7.8922 Tm)
Perihelion38.104 AU (5.7003 Tm)
45.430 AU (6.7962 Tm)
Eccentricity0.16126
306.21 yr (111,845 d)
Average orbital speed
4.419 km/s
165.514°
Inclination28.9835°
79.620°
17 November 2186[8]
Argument of perihelion
294.834°
Known satellites1 (S/2015 (136472) 1)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions
(1434+48
−18) × projected (1420+18
−24 km)[9]
Mean radius
  • 715+19
    −11     km    [9]
Flattening0.0098[c]
6.42×106 km2[d][10]
Volume1.53×109 km3[d][11]
Mass(2.69±0.20)×1021 kg[12]
Mean density
1.67±0.17 g/cm3[12]
Equatorial surface gravity
0.35 m/s2
Equatorial escape velocity
0.71 km/s
Sidereal rotation period
22.8266±0.0001 h[13]
Geometric albedo
  • 0.82±0.02 geometric[13]
  • 0.74±0.06 Bond[14]
Temperature
  • 32–36 K (single-terrain model)
  • 40–44 K (two-terrain model)[15]
B−V=0.83, V−R=0.5[16]
17.0 (opposition)[17][18]

Makemake[e] (minor-planet designation: 136472 Makemake) is a dwarf planet and the largest of what is known as the classical population of Kuiper belt objects,[b] with a diameter approximately that of Saturn's moon Iapetus, or 60% that of Pluto.[23][24] It has one known satellite.[25] Its extremely low average temperature, about 40 K (−230 °C), means its surface is covered with methane, ethane, and possibly nitrogen ices.[20] Makemake shows signs of geothermal activity and thus may be capable of supporting active geology and harboring an active subsurface ocean.[26]

Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005, by a team led by Michael E. Brown, and announced on July 29, 2005. It was initially known as 2005 FY9 and later given the minor-planet number 136472. In July 2008, it was named after Makemake, a creator god in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island, under the expectation by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) that it would prove to be a dwarf planet.[24][27][28][29]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference brownblog was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference brownblog2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference MW was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Podcast Dwarf Planet Haumea Archived 2012-02-20 at the Wayback Machine (Darin Ragozzine, at 3′11″)
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Levison2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ParkerA2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference jpldata was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Horizons2186 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Brown2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "surface ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
  11. ^ "volume ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
  12. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Bamberger2025 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Hromakina2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Verbiscer2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ortiz2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Snodgrass2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference AstDys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Horizons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Buie was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference brown was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Delsanti2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference MPC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lim2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference IAU0806 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference HubbleSite was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ "Astronomers Uncover Surprising Activity on the Dwarf Planets Eris and Makemake". February 20, 2024.
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brown was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference name was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tancredi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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