Makemake
Low-resolution image of Makemake and its unnamed moon S/2015 (136472) 1 by the Hubble Space Telescope, April 2015 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by |
|
| Discovery date | March 31, 2005 |
| Designations | |
| (136472) Makemake | |
| Pronunciation | UK: /ˌmækiˈmæki/, US: /ˌmɑːkiˈmɑːki/ or /ˌmɑːkeɪˈmɑːkeɪ/ ⓘ[a] |
Named after | Makemake |
Alternative designations | 2005 FY9 |
Minor planet category | |
| Adjectives | Makemakean[6] |
| Symbol | (mostly astrological) |
| Orbital characteristics[7] | |
| Epoch May 31, 2020 (JD 2458900.5) | |
| Earliest precovery date | January 29, 1955 |
| Aphelion | 52.756 AU (7.8922 Tm) |
| Perihelion | 38.104 AU (5.7003 Tm) |
| 45.430 AU (6.7962 Tm) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.16126 |
| 306.21 yr (111,845 d) | |
Average orbital speed | 4.419 km/s |
| 165.514° | |
| Inclination | 28.9835° |
| 79.620° | |
| 17 November 2186[8] | |
Argument of perihelion | 294.834° |
| Known satellites | 1 (S/2015 (136472) 1) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | |
Mean radius |
|
| Flattening | 0.0098[c] |
| 6.42×106 km2[d][10] | |
| Volume | 1.53×109 km3[d][11] |
| Mass | (2.69±0.20)×1021 kg[12] |
Mean density | 1.67±0.17 g/cm3[12] |
Equatorial surface gravity | 0.35 m/s2 |
Equatorial escape velocity | 0.71 km/s |
Sidereal rotation period | 22.8266±0.0001 h[13] |
Geometric albedo | |
| Temperature |
|
| B−V=0.83, V−R=0.5[16] | |
| 17.0 (opposition)[17][18] | |
Makemake[e] (minor-planet designation: 136472 Makemake) is a dwarf planet and the largest of what is known as the classical population of Kuiper belt objects,[b] with a diameter approximately that of Saturn's moon Iapetus, or 60% that of Pluto.[23][24] It has one known satellite.[25] Its extremely low average temperature, about 40 K (−230 °C), means its surface is covered with methane, ethane, and possibly nitrogen ices.[20] Makemake shows signs of geothermal activity and thus may be capable of supporting active geology and harboring an active subsurface ocean.[26]
Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005, by a team led by Michael E. Brown, and announced on July 29, 2005. It was initially known as 2005 FY9 and later given the minor-planet number 136472. In July 2008, it was named after Makemake, a creator god in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island, under the expectation by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) that it would prove to be a dwarf planet.[24][27][28][29]
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