Law and Justice

Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
AbbreviationPiS
ChairmanJarosław Kaczyński
FoundersLech Kaczyński[1]
Jarosław Kaczyński
Founded13 June 2001 (2001-06-13)
Split from
  • Solidarity Electoral Action
  • Centre Agreement
Headquartersul. Nowogrodzka 84/86, 02-018 Warsaw
Youth wingLaw and Justice Youth Forum
Membership 48,000 (2023 est.)[2]
Ideology
  • National conservatism
  • Paternalistic conservatism
  • Right-wing populism
  • Soft Euroscepticism
Political positionRight-wing[A]
National affiliationUnited Right
European affiliationAEN (until 2009)
ECR Party (since 2009)
European Parliament groupUEN (2004–2009)
ECR Group (since 2009)
Colours  Blue   White   Red[3]
  Cyan[a]
Sejm
179 / 460
Senate
34 / 100
European Parliament
20 / 53
Regional assemblies
258 / 552
Voivodes
0 / 16
Voivodeship Marshals
4 / 16
City Presidents
4 / 107
Website
pis.org.pl
  • Politics of Poland
  • Political parties
  • Elections
^ A: The party is also considered economically left-wing,[12] or left-leaning.[16]

Law and Justice[b] (Polish: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość [ˈpravɔ i ˌspravjɛˈdlivɔɕt͡ɕ] ⓘ, PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. The party is a member of European Conservatives and Reformists Group. Its chairman has been Jarosław Kaczyński since 18 January 2003.

It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct successor of the Centre Agreement after it split from the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). It won the 2005 parliamentary and presidential elections, after which Lech became the president of Poland. It headed a parliamentary coalition with the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland between 2005 and the 2007 election. It placed second and they remained in the parliamentary opposition until 2015. It regained the presidency in the 2015 election, and later won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. They retained the positions following the 2019 and 2020 election, but lost their majority following the 2023 Polish parliamentary election.

During its foundation, it sought to position itself as a centrist Christian democratic party, although shortly after, it adopted more culturally and socially conservative views and began their shift to the right. Under Kaczyński's national-conservative and law and order agenda, PiS embraced economic interventionism.[26] It has also pursued close relations with the Catholic Church, although in 2011, the Catholic-nationalist faction split off to form United Poland.[27] During the 2010s, it also adopted right-wing populist positions. After regaining power, PiS gained popularity with more populist and social policies.[28] The party is also described as "left-paternalistic".[29][30]

It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists,[31] and on national-level, it heads the United Right coalition. It currently holds 190 seats in the Sejm and 34 in the Senate.

It has been accused of authoritarianism and contributing to democratic backsliding, and attracted widespread international criticism and domestic protest movements.[32]

  1. ^ "Historia PiS". e-sochaczew.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  2. ^ Drabik, Piotr (1 June 2023). "PiS nie jest największą partią w Polsce. "Liczy się tylko kartel czterech"". Radio ZET (in Polish). Drugie miejsce należy do Prawa i Sprawiedliwości, które przez 22 lata istnienia mocno ugruntowało się także w terenie. Sekretarz generalny partii Krzysztof Sobolewski przekazał nam, że ugrupowanie rządzące ma ok. 48 tys. członków. - Najwięcej w województwie mazowieckim - dodał. Na pytanie, jak liczebność PiS zmieniła się w ostatnich trzech latach, odpowiedział tylko: - Znacząco wzrosła. [Second place belongs to Law and Justice, which has also become firmly established on the ground over its 22 years of existence. The party's general secretary Krzysztof Sobolewski told us that the ruling grouping has around 48,000 members. - The largest number in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship," he added. When asked how the size of PiS had changed in the last three years, he replied only: - It has increased significantly.]
  3. ^ Fijołek, Marcin (2012). "Republikańska symbolika w logotypie partii politycznej Prawo i Sprawiedliwość". Ekonomia I Nauki Humanistyczne (19): 9–17. doi:10.7862/rz.2012.einh.23.
  4. ^ a b Ferfecki, Wiktor (30 August 2014). "Partyjny znaczek do liftingu". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 August 2018.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference left1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference left2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference left3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference left4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference left5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference sagehandbook was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference kossack_q was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference lean1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference lean2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference lean3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ [13][14][15]
  17. ^ "2006-01-27: Sondaż OBOP-u: PO na czele, LPR i PSL poza Sejmem". e-Polityka.pl (in Polish). 27 January 2006.
  18. ^ Bharti, Mukesh Shankar (2022). "The Government and Politics of Poland in the Light of the Constitutional Perspective since 1989" (PDF). Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego. 70 (6): 446. doi:10.15804/ppk.2022.06.32. ISSN 2082-1212. The 2007 Polish parliamentary election is the best way to understand as a plebiscite over the government led by the polarizing Right and Justice Party and its controversial "Fourth Republic" political project.
  19. ^ Rajca, Konrad (2024). "Poland external relations briefing: Poland and Europe change migration strategy" (PDF). Weekly Briefing. 77 (4). China-CEE Institute: 3. ISSN 2939-5933. The regulation of this issue is related to the practice of illegal issuance of visas during the previous Right and Justice (PiS) government, referred to as the "visa scandal."
  20. ^ Bogalska-Martin, Ewa (2019). "Implementing a "non-discrimination" policy in a country "without foreigners": the case of Poland". Management & Gouvernance: Entreprises. Territoires. Sociétés: 8. The conservative and nationalist parties founded in the context of the integration of Poland into the EU in the 2000s (such as the League of Polish Families and the Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland party, and the formation of the Right and Justice - PiS in 2001) gradually seized and modified this model.
  21. ^ "Premier o PiS. "Myśl socjalistyczna również jest dla nas ważna"". Wirtualna Polska (in Polish). 21 July 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  22. ^ Turczyn, Andrzej (22 July 2019). "Mateusz Morawiecki: robotnicza myśl socjalistyczna jest głęboko obecna w filozofii Prawa i Sprawiedliwości". Trybun Broni Palnej (in Polish). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  23. ^ Szeląg, Wojciech (24 May 2021). "Marek Goliszewski, prezes BCC: Polski Ład wystraszył nawet tych, którzy wspierają PiS". Interia (in Polish). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  24. ^ Kołakowska, Agnieszka (9 October 2019). "In defense of Poland's ruling party". Politico. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  25. ^ Orenstein, Mitchell (4 July 2018). "Populism with socialist characteristics". The Jordan Times. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  26. ^ [21][22][23][24][25]
  27. ^ Bale, Tim; Szczerbiak, Aleks (December 2006). "Why is there no Christian Democracy in Poland (and why does this matter)?". SEI Working Paper (91). Sussex European Institute.
  28. ^ Santora, Marc (14 October 2019). "In Poland, Nationalism With a Progressive Touch Wins Voters (Published 2019)". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  29. ^ Putintsev, Igor S. (2023). "The two-party tendency in Poland's political system: manifestations, causes and prospects". Baltic Region. 15 (1): 18–33. doi:10.5922/2079-8555-2023-1-2. ISSN 2310-0524. Archived from the original on 9 September 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2025. Each party had something to offer them: PiS promoted leftist paternalistic views of the economy and social problems, while PO attracted people of secular thinking who opposed the intensification of clerical trends — a burning issue in Poland.
  30. ^ Havlík, Vratislav; Hloušek, Vít (2021). "Varying Degrees of Illiberalism: Comparison and Discussion". Illiberal Trends and Anti-Eu Politics in East Central Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 127. ISBN 9783030546731. In the case of Law and Justice, the notion of 'illiberalism' itself does not appear; but the very detailed doctrine of the party overall provides a set of characteristics of illiberal ideology that can be more easily grasped than in Hungary: a mistrust of the separation of powers, a mistrust of pluralism (of social and cultural pluralism perhaps even more than of political pluralism), a Christian social and national politically conservative position, exaggerated anti-communism, Euroscepticism and a left paternalist economic policy.
  31. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (5 June 2019). Parties and Elections in Europe: Parliamentary Elections and Governments since 1945, European Parliament Elections, Political Orientation and History of Parties. BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 9783732292509.
  32. ^ Democratic backsliding: Authoritarianism or dictatorship: Domestic protests:


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