Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)

Kingdom of Hungary
*Magyar Királyság* (Hungarian)
*Regnum Hungariae* (Latin)
Kingdom of Hungary Magyar Királyság (Hungarian); Regnum Hungariae (Latin)
1301–1526
	Top: Dynastic standard of the House of Anjou; Bottom: Royal standard of Matthias Corvinus Coat of arms of Matthias Corvinus
	Kingdom of Hungary in the 14th century
Status	In personal union with the Kingdom of Croatia; (see historical context section)
Capital	Buda (until 1315; 1408–1485; after 1490); Temesvár (1315–1323); Visegrád (1323–1408); Bécs (1485–1490); Székesfehérvár (place of diets, royal seat, crowning and burial site);
Common languages	Latin (ceremonial/liturgical/administrative), Hungarian, Croatian, Cuman, German, Greek, Slavic dialects, Romanian
Religion	Roman Catholic (official), Eastern Orthodox, Tengrism (among Cumans)
Demonym(s)	Hungarian
Government	Absolute monarchy
King
• 1301–1305 (first)	Ladislaus V
• 1516–1526 (last)	Louis II
Palatine
• 1302–1309 (first)	Máté Csák
• 1526–1530 (last)	István Báthory
Legislature	Royal Diet
Historical era	Medieval
• Extinction of the Árpád dynasty	14 January 1301
• Interregnum	1301-1308
• Union of Hungary and Poland	1370-1382, 1440-1444
• Crusade of Varna	1443-1444
• Siege of Belgrade	4–22 July 1456
• Peace of Olomouc	2 April 1479
• Siege of Vienna	29 January – 1 June 1485
• Peasants' revolt of György Dózsa	9 April - 15 July 1514
• Beginning of the Reformation	1520
• Battle of Mohács	29 August 1526
Currency	Forint
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Kingdom of Hungary under the Árpád dynasty
Kingdom of Hungary
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
Ottoman Hungary

In the Late Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Hungary, a country in Central Europe, experienced a period of interregnum in the early 14th century. Royal power was restored under Charles I (1308–1342), a scion of the Capetian House of Anjou. Gold and silver mines opened in his reign produced about one third of the world's total production up until the 1490s. The kingdom reached the peak of its power under Louis the Great (1342–1382) who led military campaigns against Lithuania, southern Italy and other faraway territories.

The expansion of the Ottoman Empire reached the kingdom under Sigismund of Luxembourg (1387–1437). In the next decades, a talented military commander, John Hunyadi, directed the fight against the Ottomans. His victory at Nándorfehérvár (present-day Belgrade, Serbia) in 1456 stabilized the southern frontiers for more than half a century. The first king of Hungary without dynastic ancestry was Matthias Corvinus (1458–1490), who led several successful military campaigns and also became the King of Bohemia and the Duke of Austria. With his patronage Hungary became the first country which adopted the Renaissance from Italy.^[2]

^ Kulcsár, Krisztina (13 November 2019). "A magyar nyelv hivatalossá tételéről rendelkező törvény, 1844 (Act on the officialization of the Hungarian language, 1844)". Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár (National Archives of Hungary).
^ Peter Farbaky, Louis A. Waldman (7 November 2011). Italy & Hungary: Humanism and Art in the Early Renaissance. Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2012.

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[1] Kulcsár, Krisztina (13 November 2019). "A magyar nyelv hivatalossá tételéről rendelkező törvény, 1844 (Act on the officialization of the Hungarian language, 1844)". Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár (National Archives of Hungary).

[3] Peter Farbaky, Louis A. Waldman (7 November 2011). Italy & Hungary: Humanism and Art in the Early Renaissance. Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2012.

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