Jalayirid Sultanate
Jalayirid Sultanate جلایریان | |||||||||||
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| 1335–1432 | |||||||||||
Fragmentation of the territory of the Ilkhanate territory into various polities, including the Jalayirids ■, the Injuids ■, the Chobanids ■ and the Muzaffarids ■
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| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
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The Jalayirid Sultanate (Persian: جلایریان) was a dynasty of Mongol Jalayir origin, which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s.[5] It lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Qara Qoyunlu Turkoman. After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalayirids were finally eliminated by the Qara Qoyunlu in 1432.[6][7]
The Jalayirids were Mongol and Turkicized and Turkic-speaking. They are credited with bolstering the Turkic presence in Arabic-speaking Iraq so much so that Turkic became the second-most-spoken language after Arabic.[4] The Jalayirids were also culturally Persianate,[8] and their era marks an important period in the evolution of Persian art, where it developed important aspects that would serve as the basis of later Persian paintings.[8]
- ^ Jackson & Lockhart 1986, p. 978.
- ^ Wing 2016, p. 18.
- ^ a b Broadbridge, Anne F. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds, (Cambridge University Press, 2008), 157.
- ^ a b Jackson & Lockhart 1986, p. 9.
- ^ Bayne Fisher, William. The Cambridge History of Iran, p. 3: "From then until Timur's invasion of the country, Iran was under the rule of various rival petty princes of whom henceforth only the Jalayirids could claim Mongol lineage"
- ^ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Jalayerids". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
- ^ Wing 2016
- ^ a b Wing 2016, p. 185.