Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement

Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement
Abraham Accords Peace Agreement: Treaty of Peace, Diplomatic Relations and Full Normalization Between the United Arab Emirates and the State of Israel
SignedSeptember 15, 2020 (2020-09-15)
LocationThe White House, Washington, D.C., US
EffectiveJanuary 5, 2021 (2021-01-05)
ConditionEffective upon ratification by both parties
Mediators
Signatories
Parties
RatifiersIsraeli cabinet, October 12, 2020
UAE Council of Ministers, October 19, 2020
LanguageEnglish

The Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement, officially the Abraham Accords Peace Agreement: Treaty of Peace, Diplomatic Relations and Full Normalization Between the United Arab Emirates and the State of Israel,[1] was initially agreed to in a joint statement by the United States, Israel and the United Arab Emirates on August 13, 2020, officially referred to as the Abraham Accords.[2][a] The UAE thus became the third Arab country, after Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, to agree to formally normalize its relationship with Israel,[3][4][5] as well as the first Persian Gulf country to do so.[6][7] Concurrently, Israel agreed to suspend plans for annexing parts of the West Bank.[6][8] The agreement normalized what had long been informal but robust foreign relations between the two countries.[9][10] The agreement was signed at the White House on September 15, 2020.[11] It was approved unanimously by the Israeli cabinet on October 12[12] and was ratified by the Knesset on October 15.[13] The UAE parliament and cabinet ratified the agreement on October 19. The agreement went into effect on January 5, 2021.[14]

On August 16, 2020, the UAE for the first time established telephone links to Israel by unblocking direct dialing to Israel's +972 country code.[15] The first direct commercial flight from Israel to the UAE took place on August 31, 2020,[16] and the first ship carrying cargo from the United Arab Emirates to Israel entered the Port of Haifa on October 12.[17]

  1. ^ "READ: Full text of the Abraham Accords and agreements between Israel and the United Arab Emirates/Bahrain". CNN. September 15, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  2. ^ Federico-O'Murchú, Seán (August 13, 2020). "Read the full statement by the US, Israel and UAE on normalizing Israel-UAE relations". CNN. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  3. ^ El Dahan, Maha; Heller, Jeffrey; Holland, Steve (August 13, 2020). "Israel, UAE to normalize relations in shift in Mideast politics; West Bank annexations on hold". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020. Israel had signed peace agreements with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. But the UAE, along with most other Arab nations, did not recognise Israel and had no formal diplomatic or economic relations with it until now. It becomes the first Gulf Arab country to reach such a deal with the Jewish state.
  4. ^ Baker, Peter; Kershner, Isabel; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Bergman, Ronen (August 13, 2020). "Israel and United Arab Emirates Strike Major Diplomatic Agreement". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020. If fulfilled, the pact would make the Emirates only the third Arab country to have normal diplomatic relations with Israel along with Egypt, which signed a peace agreement in 1979, and Jordan, which signed a treaty in 1994.
  5. ^ Smith, Saphora; Lederman, Josh (August 13, 2020). "Israel, United Arab Emirates agree full normalization of relations". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020. Israel currently has peace deals with only two Arab countries — Egypt and Jordan — where it has fortified embassies. If Israel and the UAE go ahead and sign bilateral agreements, it would be the first time Israel has normalized relations with a Gulf state.
  6. ^ a b "Israel, UAE announce normalisation of relations with US help". Al Jazeera. August 13, 2020. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  7. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (August 13, 2020). "Israel and UAE strike historic deal to normalise relations". BBC News. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  8. ^ "Israel and United Arab Emirates strike historic peace accord". Financial Times. August 13, 2020. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  9. ^ Halbfinger, David M. (August 13, 2020). "Netanyahu Drops Troubled Annexation Plan for Diplomatic Gain". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  10. ^ Hendrix, Steve (August 14, 2020). "Inside the secret-not-secret courtship between Israel and the United Arab Emirates". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  11. ^ Crowley, Michael (September 15, 2020). "Israel, U.A.E. and Bahrain Sign Accords, With an Eager Trump Playing Host". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  12. ^ Harkov, Lahav (October 12, 2020). "Cabinet authorizes Israel-UAE peace treaty". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  13. ^ Hoffman, Gil; Lazaroff, Tovah (October 15, 2020). "Knesset approves Israel-UAE deal". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  14. ^ Text of the agreement
  15. ^ "Israel and UAE in historic direct flight following peace deal". BBC News. August 31, 2020. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  16. ^ "First maritime cargo shipment from UAE enters Haifa Port". The Jerusalem Post. October 12, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.


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