Ilmenite

Ilmenite
Ilmenite
	Ilmenite from Miass, Ilmen Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia. 4.5 x 4.3 x 1.5 cm
General
Category	Oxide mineral
Formula	Iron titanium oxide, FeTiO; 3
IMA symbol	Ilm
Strunz classification	4.CB.05
Dana classification	04.03.05.01
Crystal system	Trigonal
Crystal class	Rhombohedral (3) ; H-M symbol: (3)
Space group	R3 (no. 148)
Unit cell	a = 5.08854(7) ; c = 14.0924(3) [Å]: Z = 6
Identification
Color	Iron-black; gray with a brownish tint in reflected light
Crystal habit	Granular to massive and lamellar exsolutions in hematite or magnetite
Twinning	{0001} simple, {1011} lamellar
Cleavage	Absent; parting on {0001} and {1011}
Fracture	Conchoidal to subconchoidal
Tenacity	Brittle
Mohs scale hardness	5–6
Luster	Metallic to submetallic
Streak	Black
Diaphaneity	Opaque
Specific gravity	4.70–4.79
Optical properties	Uniaxial (–)
Birefringence	Strong; O: pinkish brown, E: dark brown (bireflectance)
Other characteristics	Weakly magnetic; Liquidus = 1710°C (peritectic)
References

Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula FeTiO
₃. It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium^[6] and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing inks,^[7] fabrics, plastics, paper, sunscreen, food and cosmetics.^[8]

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ Eriksen et al. (2007) "Equlibrium between Liquid Fe-Ti-O Slags and Metallic Iron." Steel Research International. Vol 78. No. 9. https://doi-org.libweb.lib.utsa.edu/10.1002/srin.200706268
^ Barthelmy, David (2014). "Ilmenite Mineral Data". Mineralogy Database. Webmineral.com. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Ilmenite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). Chantilly, VA, USA: Mineralogical Society of America. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
^ "ilmenite". Mindat.org.
^ Heinz Sibum, Volker Günther, Oskar Roidl, Fathi Habashi, Hans Uwe Wolf, "Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_095
^ "Sachtleben RDI-S" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
^ "Products". Mineral Commodities Ltd. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

[1] Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.

[2] Eriksen et al. (2007) "Equlibrium between Liquid Fe-Ti-O Slags and Metallic Iron." Steel Research International. Vol 78. No. 9. https://doi-org.libweb.lib.utsa.edu/10.1002/srin.200706268

[3] Barthelmy, David (2014). "Ilmenite Mineral Data". Mineralogy Database. Webmineral.com. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

[HBM-4] Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Ilmenite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). Chantilly, VA, USA: Mineralogical Society of America. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

[Mindat-5] "ilmenite". Mindat.org.

[6] Heinz Sibum, Volker Günther, Oskar Roidl, Fathi Habashi, Hans Uwe Wolf, "Titanium, Titanium Alloys, and Titanium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_095

[7] "Sachtleben RDI-S" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.

[8] "Products". Mineral Commodities Ltd. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

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