Gospel of John
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The Gospel of John[a] is the fourth of the New Testament's four canonical Gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "signs" culminating in the raising of Lazarus (foreshadowing the resurrection of Jesus) and seven "I am" discourses (concerned with issues of the church–synagogue debate at the time of composition)[4] culminating in Thomas's proclamation of the risen Jesus as "my Lord and my God".[5] The penultimate chapter's concluding verse set out its purpose, "that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name."[6][7]
John was written between AD 90–100.[8][9] Like the three other gospels, it is anonymous, although it identifies an unnamed "disciple whom Jesus loved" as the source of its traditions and perhaps author.[10][11][12] 20th century scholarship interpreted the gospel within the paradigm of a "Johannine community",[13][14][15] but this has been increasingly challenged in the 21st century,[16] and there is currently considerable debate over the gospel's social, religious and historical context.[17] As it is closely related in style and content to the three Johannine epistles, most scholars treat the four books, along with the Book of Revelation, as a single corpus of Johannine literature, albeit not by the same author.[18]
The majority of scholars see four sections in the Gospel of John: a prologue (1:1–18); an account of the ministry, often called the "Book of Signs" (1:19–12:50); the account of Jesus's final night with his disciples and the passion and resurrection (13:1–20:31);[19] and a conclusion (20:30–31), as well as an epilogue (Chapter 21).[20] The gospel is notable for its high Christology.[21] Scholars have generally viewed John as less reliable than the Synoptics, though recent scholarship argues for a more favorable reappraisal of John’s historicity.
- ^ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023.
- ^ ESV Pew Bible. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 886. ISBN 978-1-4335-6343-0. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Bible Book Abbreviations". Logos Bible Software. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ Lindars 1990, p. 53.
- ^ Witherington 2004, p. 83.
- ^ Edwards 2015, p. 171.
- ^ Burkett 2002, p. 215.
- ^ Lincoln 2005, p. 18.
- ^ Parsenios, George (2021). The Cambridge Companion to the New Testament. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1108437707.
- ^ Reddish 2011, pp. 13.
- ^ Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. "John" pp. 302–10
- ^ Burkett 2002, p. 214.
- ^ Reddish 2011, p. 41.
- ^ Bynum 2012, p. 15.
- ^ Lamb 2014, p. 2.
- ^ Lamb 2014, pp. 2–3.
- ^ Bynum 2012, pp. 7, 12.
- ^ Harris 2006, p. 479.
- ^ Köstenberger 2015, p. 168.
- ^ Moloney 1998, p. 23.
- ^ Hurtado 2005, p. 51.
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