Gdańsk

Gdańsk^[a] (Kashubian: Gduńsk^[b]; German: Danzig^[c]) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.^[9] With a population of 486,492,^[10] it is Poland's sixth-largest city and its major seaport.^[11] Gdańsk lies at the mouth of the Motława River and is situated at the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay, close to the city of Gdynia and the resort town of Sopot; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of approximately 1.5 million.^[12]

Gdańsk was first mentioned in the year 999 when the fishing settlement was part of the early Polish state and the first stronghold erected.^[13][14] Under the Piast and Samboride dynasties of Poland, it grew into a trading town.^[15] An important shipbuilding and trade port since the Middle Ages, between 1361 and 1500, it was a major member of the Hanseatic League, which influenced its economic, demographic and urban landscape. Gdańsk served as the principal seaport for the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and was its largest city from the 15th to the early 18th century. With the Partitions of Poland, the city was annexed by Prussia in 1793, and became a part of the German Empire in 1871. It was a free city from 1807 to 1814 and from 1920 to 1939. On 1 September 1939, it was the scene of a military clash at Westerplatte, one of the first which initiated World War II. The contemporary city was shaped by extensive border changes, expulsions and resettlement after 1945. In the 1980s, Gdańsk was the birthplace of the Solidarity trade union and movement, which helped precipitate the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact.

Gdańsk is home to the University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk University of Technology, the National Museum, the Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre, the Museum of the Second World War, the Polish Baltic Philharmonic, the Polish Space Agency and the European Solidarity Centre. Among Gdańsk's most notable historical landmarks are the Town Hall, the Green Gate, Artus Court, Neptune's Fountain, and St. Mary's Church, one of the largest brick churches in the world. The city is served by Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport, the country's third busiest airport and the most important international airport in northern Poland.

Gdańsk is among the most visited cities in Poland, having received 3.4 million tourists according to data collected in 2019.^[16] The city also hosts St. Dominic's Fair, which dates back to 1260,^[17] and is regarded as one of the biggest trade and cultural events in Europe.^[18] In a 2019 quality of life ranking, Gdańsk achieved the highest placement among all Polish cities.^[19][20][21] Its historic city centre has been listed as one of Poland's national monuments.^[22]

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).