Gaur

Gaur; Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene–Present
	Bull
	Cow and calf
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Bovinae
Genus:	Bos
Species:	B. gaurus
Binomial name
	Bos gaurus; (Smith, 1827)
	Present range

The gaur (Bos gaurus; /ɡaʊər/) is a large bovine native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. The global population was estimated at a maximum of 21,000 mature individuals in 2016, with the majority of those existing in India.^[2] It is the largest species among the wild cattle and the Bovidae.^[3]

The domesticated gayal or mithun originated partly from the wild gaur^[4] and is most common in the border regions of Northeast India (Assam, Manipur, Nagaland) and Bangladesh with Myanmar and Yunnan, China.^[5]

^ Suraprasit, K.; Jaegar, J.-J.; Chaimanee, Y.; Chavasseau, O.; Yamee, C.; Tian, P. & Panha, S. (2016). "The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications". ZooKeys (613): 1–157. Bibcode:2016ZooK..613....1S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.613.8309. PMC 5027644. PMID 27667928.
^ ^a ^b ^c Duckworth, J. W.; Sankar, K.; Williams, A.C.; Samba Kumar, N. & Timmins, R. J. (2016). "Bos gaurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2891A46363646. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2891A46363646.en. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^ Hubback, T. R. (1937). "The Malayan gaur or seladang". Journal of Mammalogy. 18 (3): 267–279. doi:10.2307/1374203. JSTOR 1374203.
^ Guolong, M.; Hong, C.; Shiping, L.; Hongyu, C.; Dejun, J.; Rongqing, G.; Chunfang, C.; Yonghong, L. (2007). "Phylogenetic Relationships and Status Quo of Colonies for Gayal Based on Analysis of Cytochrome b Gene Partial Sequences". Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 34 (5): 413–419. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60045-9. PMID 17560527.
^ Simoons, F. J. (1984). Gayal or mithan. In: Mason, I. L. (ed.) Evolution of Domesticated Animals. Longman, London. Pages 34–38.

[1] Suraprasit, K.; Jaegar, J.-J.; Chaimanee, Y.; Chavasseau, O.; Yamee, C.; Tian, P. & Panha, S. (2016). "The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications". ZooKeys (613): 1–157. Bibcode:2016ZooK..613....1S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.613.8309. PMC 5027644. PMID 27667928.

[iucn-2] Duckworth, J. W.; Sankar, K.; Williams, A.C.; Samba Kumar, N. & Timmins, R. J. (2016). "Bos gaurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2891A46363646. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2891A46363646.en. Retrieved 17 January 2024.

[Hubback37-3] Hubback, T. R. (1937). "The Malayan gaur or seladang". Journal of Mammalogy. 18 (3): 267–279. doi:10.2307/1374203. JSTOR 1374203.

[4] Guolong, M.; Hong, C.; Shiping, L.; Hongyu, C.; Dejun, J.; Rongqing, G.; Chunfang, C.; Yonghong, L. (2007). "Phylogenetic Relationships and Status Quo of Colonies for Gayal Based on Analysis of Cytochrome b Gene Partial Sequences". Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 34 (5): 413–419. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60045-9. PMID 17560527.

[Simoons1984-5] Simoons, F. J. (1984). Gayal or mithan. In: Mason, I. L. (ed.) Evolution of Domesticated Animals. Longman, London. Pages 34–38.

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