Fall of communism in Albania
| Part of Revolutions of 1989 | |
The toppling of Enver Hoxha's statue in Skanderbeg Square, Tirana (20 February 1991) | |
| Date | January 1990 – 22 March 1992 |
|---|---|
| Location | Albania |
| Eastern Bloc |
|---|
The fall of communism in Albania, sometimes called "De-Enverization",[1][2][3] was the last such event in Europe outside the Soviet Union, started in December 1990 with student demonstrations in the capital, Tirana, although protests started in January that year in other cities like Shkodër and Kavajë.[4] The Central Committee of the communist Party of Labour of Albania allowed political pluralism on 11 December and the largest opposition party, the Democratic Party, was founded the next day.[5] March 1991 elections left the Party of Labour in power, but a general strike and urban opposition led to the formation of a "stability government" that included non-communists. Albania's former communists were routed in elections in March 1992 amid economic collapse and social unrest, with the Democratic Party winning most seats and its party head, Sali Berisha, becoming president.
- ^ Brown, James F. (1991). Surge to Freedom: The End of Communist Rule in Eastern Europe. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1145-4.
- ^ Legters, Lyman Howard (1992). Eastern Europe: Transformation and Revolution, 1945-1991 : Documents and Analyses. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-24994-1.
- ^ Brown, James F. (1992). Nationalism, Democracy, and Security in the Balkans. Dartmouth Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-85521-316-6.
- ^ Mysteries of December 1990 (Misteret e Dhjetoret) Archived 2011-02-11 at the Wayback Machine, TV Klan.
- ^ Abrahams, Fred C. (2015). Modern Albania: From Dictatorship to Democracy. New York: NYU Press. pp. 169–221. ISBN 978-0814705117.