Fiber to the x

Fiber to the x (FTTX; also spelled "fibre") or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications. As fiber optic cables are able to carry much more data than copper cables, especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in the 20th century are being replaced by fiber.[1] The carrier equipment for FTTx is often housed in a "fiber hut", point of presence[2] or central office.[3][4][5][6]

FTTX is a generalization for several configurations of fiber deployment, arranged into two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (fiber laid all the way to the premises/home/building) and FTTC/N (fiber laid to the cabinet/node, with copper wires completing the connection).

Residential areas already served by balanced pair distribution plant call for a trade-off between cost and capacity. The closer the fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capacity. In places not served by metallic facilities, little cost is saved by not running fiber to the home.

Fiber to the x is the key method used to drive next-generation access (NGA), which describes a significant upgrade to the broadband available by making a step change in speed and quality of the service. This is typically thought of as asymmetrical with a download speed of 24 Mbit/s plus and a fast upload speed.[7] Ofcom have defined super-fast broadband as "broadband products that provide a maximum download speed that is greater than 24 Mbit/s – this threshold is commonly considered to be the maximum speed that can be supported on current generation (copper-based) networks."[8]

A similar network called a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network is used by cable television operators but is usually not synonymous with "fiber In the loop", although similar advanced services are provided by the HFC networks. Fixed wireless and mobile wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) are an alternative for providing Internet access.

  1. ^ "How Fiber Optics Work". https://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic4.htm. How Stuff Works. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  2. ^ Feknous, Moufida; Guyader, Bertrand Le; Varga, Pal; Gravey, Annie; Gosselin, Stéphane; Gijon, Jose Alfonso Torrijos (May 31, 2015). "Multi-Criteria Comparison Between Legacy and Next Generation Point of Presence Broadband Network Architectures". Advances in Computer Science. 4 (3): 126–140.
  3. ^ "New fiber hut data center constructed in Kentucky". November 18, 2021.
  4. ^ Grötschel, Martin; Raack, Christian; Werner, Axel (2014). "Towards optimizing the deployment of optical access networks". Euro Journal on Computational Optimization. 2 (1–2): 17–53. doi:10.1007/s13675-013-0016-x.
  5. ^ Kipouridis, O.; Mas Machuca, C.; Autenrieth, A.; Grobe, K. (2012). "Street-aware infrastructure planning tool for Next Generation Optical Access networks". 2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM). pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/ONDM.2012.6210219. ISBN 978-1-4673-1440-4.
  6. ^ "FTTH Conference 2023: Topics, technology and news | Fibre Systems".
  7. ^ Mark Jackson (October 25, 2010), "The Definition of UK Superfast Next Generation Broadband", ISP Review, retrieved May 3, 2012
  8. ^ "Review of the wholesale local access market" (PDF). Ofcom.org.uk. June 1, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
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