Ethylene

Ethylene
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Ethene
	Systematic IUPAC name Ethene
	Other names Refrigerant R-1150
Identifiers
CAS Number	74-85-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	1730731
ChEBI	CHEBI:18153 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL117822 ;
ChemSpider	6085 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.742
EC Number	200-815-3;
Gmelin Reference	214
KEGG	C06547 ;
PubChem CID	6325;
RTECS number	KU5340000;
UNII	91GW059KN7 ;
UN number	1962 1038
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1026378 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 Key: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 Key: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYAE;
	SMILES C=C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C; 2H; 4
Molar mass	28.054 g·mol−1
Appearance	colourless gas
Density	1.178 kg/m3 at 15 °C, gas
Melting point	−169.2 °C (−272.6 °F; 104.0 K)
Boiling point	−103.7 °C (−154.7 °F; 169.5 K)
Solubility in water	131 mg/L (25 °C); 2.9 mg/L
Solubility in ethanol	4.22 mg/L
Solubility in diethyl ether	good
Acidity (pKa)	44
Conjugate acid	Ethenium
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−15.30·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity	10.28 μPa·s
Structure
Molecular shape	D2h
Dipole moment	zero
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	219.32 J·K−1·mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	+52.47 kJ/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H220, H336
Precautionary statements	P210, P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 4 2
Flash point	−136 °C (−213 °F; 137 K)
Autoignition; temperature	542.8 °C (1,009.0 °F; 815.9 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0475
Related compounds
Related compounds	Ethane; Acetylene ; Propene
Supplementary data page
	Ethylene (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C₂H₄ or H₂C=CH₂. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure.^[7] It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016^[8]) exceeds that of any other organic compound.^[9]^[10] Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits.^[11] The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.

^ "Ethylene". Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
^ Record of Ethylene in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 25 October 2007.
^ McAuliffe, C. (1966). "Solubility in Water of Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, Olefin, Acetylene, Cycloolefin, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 70 (4): 1267–1275. doi:10.1021/j100876a049.
^ ^a ^b ^c Neiland, O. Ya. (1990) Органическая химия: Учебник для хим. спец. вузов. Moscow. Vysshaya Shkola. p. 128.
^ Kestin J, Khalifa HE, Wakeham WA (1977). "The viscosity of five gaseous hydrocarbons". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 66 (3): 1132–1134. Bibcode:1977JChPh..66.1132K. doi:10.1063/1.434048.
^ ETHYLENE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. Cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2016-04-24.
^ Cite error: The named reference UllmannEthylene was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Research and Markets. "The Ethylene Technology Report 2016 - Research and Markets". www.researchandmarkets.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ "Production: Growth is the Norm". Chemical and Engineering News. 84 (28): 59–236. July 10, 2006. doi:10.1021/cen-v084n034.p059.
^ Propylene Production from Methanol. Intratec. 2012-05-31. ISBN 978-0-615-64811-8. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
^ Wang KL, Li H, Ecker JR (2002). "Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks". The Plant Cell. 14 (Suppl): S131-151. Bibcode:2002PlanC..14S.131W. doi:10.1105/tpc.001768. PMC 151252. PMID 12045274.

[1] "Ethylene". Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2021-05-27.

[GESTIS-2] Record of Ethylene in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 25 October 2007.

[JPhysChem1966-3] McAuliffe, C. (1966). "Solubility in Water of Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, Olefin, Acetylene, Cycloolefin, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 70 (4): 1267–1275. doi:10.1021/j100876a049.

[neilands-4] Neiland, O. Ya. (1990) Органическая химия: Учебник для хим. спец. вузов. Moscow. Vysshaya Shkola. p. 128.

[Kestin1977-5] Kestin J, Khalifa HE, Wakeham WA (1977). "The viscosity of five gaseous hydrocarbons". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 66 (3): 1132–1134. Bibcode:1977JChPh..66.1132K. doi:10.1063/1.434048.

[6] ETHYLENE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. Cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2016-04-24.

[UllmannEthylene-7] Cite error: The named reference UllmannEthylene was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] Research and Markets. "The Ethylene Technology Report 2016 - Research and Markets". www.researchandmarkets.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[cenews-9] "Production: Growth is the Norm". Chemical and Engineering News. 84 (28): 59–236. July 10, 2006. doi:10.1021/cen-v084n034.p059.

[Technology_Economics_Program-10] Propylene Production from Methanol. Intratec. 2012-05-31. ISBN 978-0-615-64811-8. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-09-17.

[Wang_2002-11] Wang KL, Li H, Ecker JR (2002). "Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks". The Plant Cell. 14 (Suppl): S131-151. Bibcode:2002PlanC..14S.131W. doi:10.1105/tpc.001768. PMC 151252. PMID 12045274.

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