Colombian War of Independence
| Colombian War of Independence | |||||||||
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| Part of the Atlantic Revolutions, Spanish American wars of independence, Decolonization of the Americas and Napoleonic Wars | |||||||||
From left to right and top to bottom: Battle of Calibío, Battle of Juanambú, Battle of the Palo River, Siege of Cartagena (1815), Battle of Boyacá and Congress of Cúcuta. | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
Supported by:
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and its territories:
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Simón Bolívar Francisco de Paula Santander Antonio Nariño (POW) Camilo Torres Tenorio Antonio Baraya Antonio Villavicencio José Miguel Pey José María Córdova José Prudencio Padilla José María Cabal Manuel del Castillo y Rada Manuel Serviez Policarpa Salavarrieta Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez Francisco José de Caldas José de Leyva Atanasio Girardot † Antonio Ricaurte † Juan Nepomuceno Moreno |
Fernando VII Juan de Sámano Pablo Morillo Melchor Aymerich Miguel Tacón y Rosique José María Barreiro Melchor Aymerich Agustín Agualongo Isidro Barrada Sebastián de la Calzada Ignacio Asín † | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 400,000 deaths[1][2] (15% of the population of the Viceroyalty of New Granada and Venezuela in 1810)[note 1] | |||||||||
The Colombian War of Independence began on July 20, 1810 when the Junta de Santa Fe was formed in Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada, to govern the territory autonomously from Spain. The event inspired similar independence movements across South America, and triggered an almost decade-long rebellion culminating in the founding of the Republic of Colombia, which spanned present-day Colombia, mainland Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela, along with parts of northern Peru and northwestern Brazil. Colombia was the first Spanish colony in South America to declare independence from Spain in 1810.[note 2]
Although Gran Colombia would ultimately dissolve in 1831, it was for a time among the most powerful countries in the Western Hemisphere, and played an influential role in shaping the political development of other newly sovereign South American states. The modern nation-state of Colombia recognizes the event as its national independence day which broke away from Spanish rule that led the first independent nation of South America as well as the third oldest independent republic in the Western Hemisphere after the United States from the American Revolution against the British and Haiti from the Haitian Revolution against the French and white settlers.
- ^ Nineteenth Century Death Tolls
- ^ Silvio Arturo Zavala (1971). Revista de historia de América. Numbers 69-70. Mexico City: Pan American Institute of Geography and History, p. 303. “Para el primero, de 1400000 habs. que la futura Colombia tendría en 1809 (entre ellos 78000 negros esclavos), (...) mortaldad que él mismo señala a tal guerra (unos 400 000 muertos para la Gran Colombia, entre ellos, 250 000 venezolanos).”
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