Coalition Provisional Authority
Republic of Iraq جمهورية العراق Jumhūriyyat al-ʽIrāq | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003–2004 | |||||||||
Flag
Seal of the Coalition Provisional Authority
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| Motto: "Security, Liberty, Equality, Justice" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Mawtini [1][2] (English: "My Homeland")[2] | |||||||||
The CPA exercised its influence over Iraq. | |||||||||
| Status | Transitional government under international military occupation | ||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Baghdad | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic Kurdish English | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
• American Administrator | Jay Garner (2003) Paul Bremer (2003–2004) | ||||||||
• President of the Governing Council of Iraq | Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (2003, 2004) Ibrahim al-Jaafari (2003) Ahmed Chalabi (2003) Iyad Allawi (2003) Jalal Talabani (2003) Abdel-Aziz al-Hakim (2003) Adnan Pachachi (2004) Mohsen Abdel Hamid (2004) Massoud Barzani (2004) Ezzedine Salim (2004) Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (2004) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Iraqi Governing Council | ||||||||
| Historical era | Iraq War | ||||||||
• Saddam Hussein and Ba'ath Party deposed | 21 April 2003 | ||||||||
• CPA established[3] | 16 May 2003 | ||||||||
• Investment in post-invasion Iraq | 23 October 2003 | ||||||||
• Interim government | 28 June 2004 | ||||||||
| Currency | Iraqi dinar | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | IQ | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Seal of the CPA | |
| Abbreviation | CPA |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | Revolutionary Command Council of Ba'athist Iraq |
| Successor | Iraqi Interim Government of Iraq |
| Formation | 16 May 2003 |
| Type | Provisional authority |
| Purpose | Deliberative assembly deliberative democracy |
| Headquarters | Baghdad |
| Location | |
Official language | Arabic Kurdish English |
American Administrator | Jay Garner (2003) Paul Bremer (2003–2004) |
American Deputy Administrator | Richard Jones |
President of the Governing Council of Iraq | Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (2003, 2004) Ibrahim al-Jaafari (2003) Ahmed Chalabi (2003) Iyad Allawi (2003) Jalal Talabani (2003) Abdel-Aziz al-Hakim (2003) Adnan Pachachi (2004) Mohsen Abdel Hamid (2004) Massoud Barzani (2004) Ezzedine Salim (2004) Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (2004) |
Iraq came under the United States military occupation following the invasion of the country on 19 March 2003 by U.S.-led Coalition forces that marked the fall of the Ba'athist regime led by Saddam Hussein. As a result, the U.S. formed the Coalition Provisional Authority[a] (abbr. CPA) that served as the transitional government established in May 2003 under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003) and the laws of war, and vested itself with executive, legislative, and judiciary authority over the Iraqi government from the period of the CPA's inception on 21 April 2003 until its dissolution on 28 June 2004. During this period the CPA existed as a U.S. puppet state.[4]
The CPA was admonished for its mismanagement of funds allocated to the reconstruction of post-invasion Iraq, with over $8 billion of these unaccounted for,[5][6][7] including over $1.6 billion in cash that emerged in a basement in Lebanon.[8]
- ^ Wetzel, Dan (24 August 2004). "One last chance". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
The song is 'My Country.' It is relatively short, contains no words and was composed by a man named Lewis Zanbaka...
- ^ a b Schaffer, Edward; Scotland, Jan; Popp, Reinhard (2017). "Iraq (1958-1965, 2003-2004)". National Anthems. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
Immediately after the fall of the Sadam Hussein government in 2003, 'My Country' was used again for a brief time as an interim anthem until a new one was adopted. (The title of this anthem is identical to the title of the anthem that replaced it in 2004).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). iraqcoalition.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ HINNEBUSCH, Raymond (2007). "THE AMERICAN INVASION OF IRAQ: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES" (PDF). PERCEPTIONS: 18.
- ^ "So, Mr Bremer, where did all the money go?". TheGuardian.com. 6 July 2005.
- ^ "Stuart Bowen". 30 November 2006.
- ^ Ackerman, Spencer (6 March 2013). "Over $8B of the Money You Spent Rebuilding Iraq Was Wasted Outright". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (12 October 2014). "Billions set aside for post-Saddam Iraq turned up in Lebanese bunker". the Guardian. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
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