Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum
	The Chinese character for "chrysanthemum"
Chinese name
Chinese	菊花
Literal meaning	"chrysanthemum-flower"
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	júhuā
Wade–Giles	chü2-hua1
IPA	[tɕy̌.xwá]
Wu
Suzhounese	jioh-ho
Hakka
Romanization	kiug faˋ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	gūk-fāa
Jyutping	guk1-faa1
IPA	[kʊk̚˥fa˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	kak-hue (col.); kiok-hue (lit.)
Korean name
Hangul	국화
Hanja	菊花
Revised Romanization
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	Gukhwa
McCune–Reischauer	Kukhwa
Japanese name
Kanji	菊花
Hiragana	きくか; きっか
Romanization
Transcriptions
Romanization	kiku ka; kikka

Chrysanthemum
	Chrysanthemum indicum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Subfamily:	Asteroideae
Tribe:	Anthemideae
Genus:	; L.
Type species
	Chrysanthemum indicum; L.
Synonyms
	Chrysanthemum subsect. Dendranthema (DC.) DC. ex Kitam.; Neuractis Cass.; Pyrethrum sect. Dendranthema DC.; Leucanthemum (Tourn.) L.; Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul.;

Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to 'mums' or 'chrysanths',^[5] are flowering plants in the Asteraceae family.^[4] They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China.^[6] Many horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.

^ Nicolson, Dan H. (May 1999). "Report of the General Committee: 8". Taxon. 48 (2): 373–378. doi:10.2307/1224444. JSTOR 1224444.
^ "Chrysanthemum L." Tropicos.
^ Cite error: The named reference o was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b "Chrysanthemum L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
^ "Chrysanthemums: Rethinking a Fast-Food Flower". 17 September 2019.
^ Liu, Ping-Li; Wan, Qian; Guo, Yan-Ping; Yang, Ji; Rao, Guang-Yuan (1 November 2012). "Phylogeny of the Genus Chrysanthemum L.: Evidence from Single-Copy Nuclear Gene and Chloroplast DNA Sequences". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e48970. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748970L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048970. PMC 3486802. PMID 23133665.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

[1] Nicolson, Dan H. (May 1999). "Report of the General Committee: 8". Taxon. 48 (2): 373–378. doi:10.2307/1224444. JSTOR 1224444.

[2] "Chrysanthemum L." Tropicos.

[o-3] Cite error: The named reference o was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[POWO-4] "Chrysanthemum L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 September 2025.

[5] "Chrysanthemums: Rethinking a Fast-Food Flower". 17 September 2019.

[liu-6] Liu, Ping-Li; Wan, Qian; Guo, Yan-Ping; Yang, Ji; Rao, Guang-Yuan (1 November 2012). "Phylogeny of the Genus Chrysanthemum L.: Evidence from Single-Copy Nuclear Gene and Chloroplast DNA Sequences". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e48970. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748970L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048970. PMC 3486802. PMID 23133665.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

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