Catalan language
| Catalan | |
|---|---|
| Valencian | |
| català valencià | |
| Pronunciation | [kətəˈla] ⓘ (N, C & B) / [kataˈla] ⓘ (NW & A) [valensiˈa] ⓘ (V) |
| Native to | |
| Region | Southern Europe |
| Speakers | L1: 4.1 million (2022)[1] L2: 5.1 million Total: 9.2 million |
Early forms | Old Latin
|
| |
Signed forms | Signed Catalan |
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC) Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | ca |
| ISO 639-2 | cat |
| ISO 639-3 | cat |
| Glottolog | stan1289 |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-e |
Catalan/Valencian is the native language and has official status Catalan/Valencian is the native language but with no official status Catalan/Valencian is not historically spoken but has official status | |
Standard Catalan is classified as Potentially Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[2] | |
Catalan (català) is a Western Romance language and is the official language of Andorra,[3] and the official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian (valencià). It has semi-official status in the Italian municipality of Alghero,[4] and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or "Catalan Countries".[5]
The language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. It became the language of the Principality of Catalonia and the kingdoms of Valencia and Mallorca, being present throughout the Mediterranean as the main language of the Crown of Aragon.[6] It was replaced by Spanish as a language of government and literature in the 1700s, but nineteenth century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival,[7][6] culminating in the early 1900s. With the end of Franco dictatorship (1975) and its repressive measures against the language, Catalan entered in a relatively successful process of re-normalization between the 1980s and the 2000s. However, during the 2010s, it experienced signs of decline in social use, diglossia and the re-growth of discrimination cases.[8]
- ^ Catalan at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ "World Atlas of Languages: Standard Catalan". en.wal.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Wheeler 2010, p. 191.
- ^ Minder, Raphael (21 November 2016). "Italy's Last Bastion of Catalan Language Struggles to Keep It Alive". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ^ "els Països Catalans". enciclopèdia.cat (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ a b Costa Carreras & Yates 2009, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Wheeler 2010, pp. 190–191.
- ^ Cebrián, Joan (15 July 2022). "El català, el quart motiu de discriminació a Barcelona". Ara.cat. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
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