Telephone call

A telephone call, phone call, voice call, or simply a call, is the use of a connection over a telephone network between two parties for audio communication. To start a call, the calling party, the caller, opens a connection for a particular phone number and waits for an answer to the request; often indicated by an audible ringtone.^[1][2] To answer the call, the called party accepts the request to start a conversation. A party is most commonly a single person, but can be a group of people (i.e. conference call) or a machine (i.e. fax). In some contexts, the term A-Number refers to the caller and B-Number refers to the called party.

The telephone call was enabled by multiple inventions in the mid- to late-19th century including the telephone. Initial technology involved point-to-point electrical wire connections between telephone installations, until centralized exchanges evolved where telephone operators established each interconnection manually at a telephone switchboard after asking the calling party for their call destination. After the invention of automatic telephone exchanges in the 1890s, the process became increasingly automated, eventually leading to the widespread adoption of digital exchanges in the second half of the 20th century, including the transition to wireless communication via mobile telephone networks and cellular networks.^[3] With the development of the Internet, the cost of telephone calls was drastically reduced with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).