Brasília
Brasília | |
|---|---|
Federal capital | |
Monumental Axis seen from the TV Tower Metropolitan Cathedral Planalto Palace Juscelino Kubitschek bridge National Congress of Brazil Panoramic view of the Pilot Plan of Brasília | |
| Nicknames: Capital Federal, BSB, Capital da Esperança | |
| Motto(s): "Venturis ventis"(Latin) "To the coming winds" | |
Location in the Federal District | |
Brasília Location in Brazil Brasília Brasília (South America) | |
| Coordinates: 15°47′38″S 47°52′58″W / 15.79389°S 47.88278°W | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Central-West |
| District | Federal District |
| Founded | 21 April 1960 |
| Area | |
• Federal capital | 5,802 km2 (2,240.164 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,172 m (3,845 ft) |
| Population (2024) | |
• Federal capital | 2,982,818[1][2] (3rd)[note 1] |
| • Density | 489.06/km2 (1,266.7/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,548,438[3] (4th) |
| urban area is population of the Federal District; metro area includes 12 neighboring municipalities in Goiás | |
| Demonym | Brasiliense |
| GDP | |
| • Year | 2015 estimate |
| • Total | $65.338 billion (8th) |
| • Per capita | $21,779 (1st) |
| HDI | |
| • Year | 2021 |
| • HDI | 0.814 (1st) |
| Time zone | UTC−03:00 (BRT) |
| Postal code | 70000-000 |
| Area code | +55 61 |
| Website | brasilia.df.gov.br (in Portuguese) |
| Official name | Brasilia |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, iv |
| Designated | 1987 (11th session) |
| Reference no. | 445 |
| Region | Latin America and the Caribbean |
Brasília[a] is the capital city of Brazil and the Federal District. Located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region, it was founded by President Juscelino Kubitschek on 21 April 1960, to replace Rio de Janeiro as the national capital. Brasília is Brazil's third-most populous city after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, with a population of 2.8 million.[1] Among major Latin American cities, it has the highest GDP per capita.[6]
Brasília is a planned city developed by Lúcio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer and Joaquim Cardozo in 1956 in a scheme to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central location, which was chosen through a committee. The landscape architect was Roberto Burle Marx.[7][8] The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector, and the Embassy Sector. Brasília was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 due to its modernist architecture and uniquely artistic urban planning.[9] It was named "City of Design" by UNESCO in October 2017 and has been part of the Creative Cities Network since then.[10]
It is notable for its white-colored, modern architecture, designed by Oscar Niemeyer. All three branches of Brazil's federal government are located in the city: executive, legislative and judiciary. Brasília also hosts 124 foreign embassies.[11] The city's international airport connects it to all other major Brazilian cities and some international destinations, and it is the third-busiest airport in Brazil. It was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and hosted some of the football matches during the 2016 Summer Olympics; it also hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Laid out in the shape of an airplane,[note 2] its "fuselage" is the Monumental Axis, a pair of wide avenues flanking a large park. In the "cockpit" is Praça dos Três Poderes, named for the 3 branches of government surrounding it. Brasília has a unique legal status, as it is an administrative region rather than a municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name "Brasília" is often used as a synonym for the Federal District as a whole, which is divided into 35 administrative regions, one of which (Plano Piloto) includes the area of the originally planned city and its federal government buildings. The entire Federal District is considered by IBGE to make up Brasília's city area,[1] and the local government considers the entirety of the district plus 12 neighboring municipalities in the state of Goiás to be its metropolitan area.[3][13]
- ^ a b c "Distrito Federal - Panorama". cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ "PDAD 2018 - Destaques" (PDF). www.codeplan.df.gov.br. Instituto de Pesquisa e Estatística do Distrito Federal (IPEDF Codeplan). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Área Metropolitana de Brasília" [Brasília Metropolitan Area]. Atlas do Distrito Federal (in Portuguese). Instituto de Pesquisa e Estatística do Distrito Federal (IPEDF). Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
A Área metropolitana de Brasília (AMB) foi definida pela Codeplan na Nota Técnica n° 01/2014. A AMB é formada pelo Distrito Federal e sua periferia metropolitana, constituída por 12 municípios circunvizinhos (também integrantes da Ride-DF) que possuem fluxos e relações de natureza metropolitana com o Distrito Federal.
[The Brasília Metropolitan Area (AMB) was defined by Codeplan in Technical Note No. 01/2014. The AMB is formed by the Federal District and its metropolitan periphery, consisting of 12 surrounding municipalities (also members of Ride-DF) that have flows and relationships of a metropolitan nature with the Federal District.] - ^ "Brasília". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ "Definition of Brasilia in US English: Brasilia". en.oxforddictionaries.com. Oxford University. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ Istrate, Emilia. "Global MetroMonitor | Brookings Institution". Brookings.edu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Niemeyer e Joaquim Cardozo: uma parceria mágica entre arquiteto e engenheiro" (in Portuguese). Brazil Communication Company. 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "Brasília 50 anos" (PDF). Veja (in Portuguese). 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ^ "World Heritage List". Unesco. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ^ "The Brazilian cities Brasília, Paraty and João Pessoa join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ "Lista do Corpo Diplomático e Organismos Internacionais". Cerimonial, Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "Avião ou borboleta? Entenda as inspirações de Lúcio Costa para o projeto de Brasília". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Cruz, Bruno de Oliveira (2020). "Área metropolitana de Brasília e o mercado de trabalho" (PDF). Boletim Regional, Urbano e Ambiental (in Portuguese). Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA): 83–99. doi:10.4000/books.irdeditions.35769. ISBN 9782709927413. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
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