Bahadur Shah Zafar
| Bahadur Shah Zafar بہادر شاہ ظفر | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Delhi Padishah | |||||||||||||
Portrait of Bahadur Shah II, c. 1854 | |||||||||||||
| Emperor of Hindustan | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857 | ||||||||||||
| Coronation | 29 September 1837 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Akbar II | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Victoria[a] | ||||||||||||
| Born | 24 October 1775 Shahjahanabad, Mughal Empire (present-day Old Delhi, India) | ||||||||||||
| Died | 7 November 1862 (aged 87) Rangoon, Burma Province, British India (present-day Yangon, Myanmar) | ||||||||||||
| Burial | 7 November 1862 Rangoon, Burma | ||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||
| Issue | Mirza Dara Bakht, Mirza Mughal, Mirza Fath-ul-Mulk Bahadur, Mirza Khizr Sultan, Mirza Jawan Bakht, Mirza Shah Abbas, Mirza Abu Bakr Mirza Ulugh Tahir | ||||||||||||
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| House | House of Babur | ||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Timurid dynasty | ||||||||||||
| Father | Akbar Shah II | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Lal Bai[5] | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam (Hanafi) | ||||||||||||
| Imperial Seal | |||||||||||||
| Military career | |||||||||||||
| Battles / wars | Indian Rebellion of 1857 | ||||||||||||
Bahadur Shah II, (Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad; 24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862), widely known by his poetic title Bahadur Shah Zafar (Persian: بهادر شاه ظفر; Zafar lit. 'Victory'),[b] was the twentieth and last Mughal emperor and an Urdu poet. He was a titular Emperor with his authority limited to the Walled City of Delhi, but was recognised the Emperor of India by rebel forces across the Indian subcontinent during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Zafar was exiled to Yangon in British-controlled Burma in December 1857 by the East India Company after rebel defeat in the war.
His spouse was Zeenat Mahal. He was the second son and the successor to his father, Akbar II, who died in 1837.[6] After the dissolution of the Mughal Empire following the war, the title of Empress of India was assumed by Queen Victoria (but only after 1876).
Bahadur Shah Zafar's father, Akbar II, had been imprisoned by the British and he was not his father's preferred choice as his successor. One of Akbar Shah's queens pressured him to declare her son, Mirza Jahangir, as his successor. However, the East India Company exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident in the Red Fort,[6] paving the way for Bahadur Shah to assume the throne.
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- ^ a b c d e f William Dalrynple (2007). Last Mughal (P/B). Penguin Books India. pp. xv, xvi, 110, 215, 216. ISBN 978-0-14-310243-4.
- ^ a b c d e f Punjab (India) (1911). Government Records: The Delhi residency and agency records, 1807-1857. Punjab Government Press. p. 455.
- ^ Pati, Biswamoy (25 February 2010). The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: Exploring Transgressions, Contests and Diversities. Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-135-22514-8.
- ^ Frances W. Pritchett, Nets of Awareness: Urdu Poetry and Its Critics (1994), p. 5
- ^ Syed Mahdi Husain (2006). Bahadur Shah Zafar and the War of 1857 in Delhi. Aakar Books. p. 36. ISBN 9788187879916.
- ^ a b Husain, S. Mahdi (2006). Bahadur Shah Zafar; And the War of 1857 in Delhi. Aakar Books.