Ammonium

Ammonium
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium ion
	Systematic IUPAC name Azanium
Identifiers
CAS Number	14798-03-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:28938;
ChemSpider	218;
Gmelin Reference	84
KEGG	C01342;
MeSH	D000644
PubChem CID	16741146;
UNII	54S68520I4 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5043974 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O; InChI=1/H3N/h1H3/p+1 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-IKLDFBCSAZ;
	SMILES [NH4+];
Properties
Chemical formula	[NH4]+
Molar mass	18.039 g·mol−1
Acidity (pKa)	9.25
Conjugate base	Ammonia
Structure
Molecular shape	Tetrahedral
Related compounds
Other cations	Phosphonium [PH4]+; Arsonium [AsH4]+; Hydronium [H3O]+; Sulfonium [H3S]+; Fluoronium [H2F]+; Chloronium [H2Cl]+; Bromonium [H2Br]+; Iodonium [H2I]+; Carbonium [CH5]+; Trihydrogen cation [H3]+;
Related compounds	Ammonium radical •NH4
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+4 or [NH₄]⁺. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH₃). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations ([NR₄]⁺), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic or other groups (indicated by R). Not only is ammonium a source of nitrogen and a key metabolite for many living organisms, but it is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle.^[2] As such, human impact in recent years could have an effect on the biological communities that depend on it.

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. pp. 71,105,314. Electronic version.
^ Schlesinger, William H.; Bernhardt, Emily S. (2020-01-01), Schlesinger, William H.; Bernhardt, Emily S. (eds.), "Chapter 12 - The Global Cycles of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium", Biogeochemistry (Fourth Edition), Academic Press, pp. 483–508, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814608-8.00012-8, ISBN 978-0-12-814608-8, retrieved 2024-03-08

[1] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. pp. 71,105,314. Electronic version.

[:02-2] Schlesinger, William H.; Bernhardt, Emily S. (2020-01-01), Schlesinger, William H.; Bernhardt, Emily S. (eds.), "Chapter 12 - The Global Cycles of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium", Biogeochemistry (Fourth Edition), Academic Press, pp. 483–508, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814608-8.00012-8, ISBN 978-0-12-814608-8, retrieved 2024-03-08

[1]

[2]