Aluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride
	Aluminium trichloride hexahydrate, pure (top), and contaminated with iron(III) chloride (bottom)
Names
	IUPAC name Aluminium chloride
	Other names Aluminium(III) chloride; Aluminium trichloride; Trichloroaluminum
Identifiers
CAS Number	7446-70-0 (anhydrous) ; 10124-27-3 (hydrate) ; 7784-13-6 (hexahydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	monomer: Interactive image; dimer: Interactive image; hexahydrate: Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:30114 ;
ChemSpider	22445 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.371
EC Number	231-208-1;
Gmelin Reference	1876
PubChem CID	24012;
RTECS number	BD0530000;
UNII	LIF1N9568Y ; 3CYT62D3GA (hexahydrate) ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6029674 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Al.3ClH/h;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; InChI=1/Al.3ClH/h;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-DFZHHIFOAR;
	SMILES monomer: Cl[Al](Cl)Cl; dimer: Cl[Al-]1(Cl)[Cl+][Al-]([Cl+]1)(Cl)Cl; hexahydrate: [OH2+][Al-3]([OH2+])([OH2+])([OH2+])([OH2+])[OH2+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-];
Properties
Chemical formula	AlCl3
Molar mass	133.341 g/mol (anhydrous); 241.432 g/mol (hexahydrate);
Appearance	Colourless crystals, hygroscopic
Density	2.48 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 2.398 g/cm3 (hexahydrate);
Melting point	180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) (anhydrous, sublimes); 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) (hexahydrate, decomposes);
Solubility in water	439 g/L (0 °C); 449 g/L (10 °C); 458 g/L (20 °C); 466 g/L (30 °C); 473 g/L (40 °C); 481 g/L (60 °C); 486 g/L (80 °C); 490 g/L (100 °C);
Solubility	Soluble in hydrogen chloride, ethanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride; Slightly soluble in benzene;
Vapor pressure	133.3 Pa (99 °C); 13.3 kPa (151 °C);
Viscosity	0.35 cP (197 °C); 0.26 cP (237 °C);
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mS16
Space group	C12/m1, No. 12
Lattice constant	a = 0.591 nm, b = 0.591 nm, c = 1.752 nm
Lattice volume (V)	0.52996 nm3
Formula units (Z)	6
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (solid); Tetrahedral (liquid)
Molecular shape	Trigonal planar ; (monomeric vapour)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	91.1 J/(mol·K)
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	109.3 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−704.2 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	−628.8 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	D10AX01 (WHO)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338+P310, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 2
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	380 mg/kg, rat (oral, anhydrous) ; 3311 mg/kg, rat (oral, hexahydrate)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	None
REL (Recommended)	2 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Related compounds
Other anions	Aluminium fluoride; Aluminium bromide; Aluminium iodide;
Other cations	Boron trichloride; Gallium trichloride; Indium(III) chloride; Thallium(III) chloride;
Related Lewis acids	Iron(III) chloride; Boron trifluoride;
Related compounds	Magnesium chloride; Scandium(III) chloride; Yttrium(III) chloride;
Supplementary data page
	Aluminium chloride (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Aluminium chloride
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: aluminum chloride;
Routes of; administration	Topical
ATC code	None;
Identifiers
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6029674 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.371
Data page
	Aluminium chloride (data page)

Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula Al Cl₃. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H₂O)₆]Cl₃, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.

The anhydrous form is commercially important. It has a low melting and boiling point. It is mainly produced and consumed in the production of aluminium, but large amounts are also used in other areas of the chemical industry.^[7] The compound is often cited as a Lewis acid. It is an inorganic compound that reversibly changes from a polymer to a monomer at mild temperature.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.45. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^ ^a ^b "Properties of substance: Aluminium chloride". Chemister.ru. 2007-03-19. Archived from the original on 2014-05-05. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
^ ^a ^b Ketelaar JA (1935). "Die Kristallstruktur der Aluminiumhalogenide II". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 90 (1–6): 237–255. doi:10.1524/zkri.1935.90.1.237. S2CID 100796636.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 5.5. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0024". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Aluminium chloride.
^ Helmboldt O, Keith Hudson L, Misra C, Wefers K, Heck W, Stark H, et al. (2007). "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.

[crc-1] Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.45. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.

[chemister-2] "Properties of substance: Aluminium chloride". Chemister.ru. 2007-03-19. Archived from the original on 2014-05-05. Retrieved 2017-03-17.

[str-3] Ketelaar JA (1935). "Die Kristallstruktur der Aluminiumhalogenide II". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 90 (1–6): 237–255. doi:10.1524/zkri.1935.90.1.237. S2CID 100796636.

[b92t-4] Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 5.5. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.

[PGCH-5] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0024". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[sigma-6] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Aluminium chloride.

[Ull-7] Helmboldt O, Keith Hudson L, Misra C, Wefers K, Heck W, Stark H, et al. (2007). "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.

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