Global city

New York City (top) and London (bottom) are the only two cities ranked in the Alpha ++ category by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Both cities are considered leading business, financial, commercial, and cultural centers.

A global city (also known as a power city, world city, alpha city, or world center) is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. The concept originates from geography and urban studies, based on the thesis that globalization has created a hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance, trade, and culture worldwide.[1][2][3] The global city represents the most complex and significant hub within the international system, characterized by links binding it to other cities that have direct, tangible effects on global socioeconomic affairs.[4]

The criteria of a global city vary depending on the source.[5] Common features include a high degree of urban development, a large population, the presence of major multinational companies, a significant and globalized financial sector, a well-developed and internationally linked transportation infrastructure, local or national economic dominance, high quality educational and research institutions, and a globally influential output of ideas, innovations, or cultural products. Global city rankings are numerous.[6] New York City, London, Tokyo, and Paris are the most commonly mentioned.[7][8]

  1. ^ Lenormand, Maxime; Gonçalves, Bruno; Tugores, Antònia; Ramasco, José J. (2015). "Human diffusion and city influence". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 12 (109): 20150473. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0473. PMC 4535413. PMID 26179991.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  2. ^ Lin, Jan (2012). "World Cities". The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization. doi:10.1002/9780470670590.wbeog820. ISBN 9780470670590.
  3. ^ Pain, Kathy (2017). "World Cities". International Encyclopedia of Geography. pp. 1–9. doi:10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0525. ISBN 9781118786352.
  4. ^ Sassen, Saskia (July 2001). "The global city: strategic site/new frontier". Seminar Magazine. No. 503. Archived from the original on 18 October 2006.
  5. ^ "global city". Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  6. ^ "Decoding City Performance". Jll.co.uk. 2 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  7. ^ "Struggling Giants". University of Minnesota Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  8. ^ Abrahamson, Mark (2004). Global cities (PDF) (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0195142044. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
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