Alan García
Alan García | |
|---|---|
García in 2010 | |
| 53rd and 57th President of Peru | |
| In office 28 July 2006 – 28 July 2011 | |
| Prime Minister | Jorge Del Castillo Yehude Simon Javier Velásquez José Antonio Chang Rosario Fernández |
| Vice President | 1st Vice President Luis Giampietri 2nd Vice President Lourdes Mendoza |
| Preceded by | Alejandro Toledo |
| Succeeded by | Ollanta Humala |
| In office 28 July 1985 – 28 July 1990 | |
| Prime Minister | Luis Alva Castro Guillermo Larco Cox Armando Villanueva Luis Alberto Sánchez |
| Vice President | 1st Vice President Luis Alberto Sánchez 2nd Vice President Luis Alva Castro |
| Preceded by | Fernando Belaúnde |
| Succeeded by | Alberto Fujimori |
| Senator for Life as Former President of the Republic | |
| In office 28 July 1990 – 5 April 1992 | |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| In office 26 July 1980 – 26 July 1985 | |
| Constituency | Lima |
| Member of the Constituent Assembly | |
| In office 28 July 1978 – 13 July 1979 | |
| President of the Peruvian Aprista Party | |
| In office 7 June 2004 – 17 April 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Position reestablished |
| Succeeded by | César Trelles |
| In office 15 July 1985 – 23 December 1988 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| General Secretary of the Peruvian Aprista Party | |
| In office 15 February 1992 – 23 December 1992 | |
| Preceded by | Luis Alva Castro |
| Succeeded by | Agustín Mantilla |
| In office 9 October 1982 – 15 July 1985 | |
| Preceded by | Fernando León de Vivero |
| Succeeded by | Armando Villanueva |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez 23 May 1949 Lima, Peru |
| Died | 17 April 2019 (aged 69) Lima, Peru |
| Cause of death | Suicide by gunshot |
| Political party | Peruvian Aprista |
| Other political affiliations | Popular Alliance (2015–2016) |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)[2] |
| Spouse(s) | Carla Buscaglia (divorced) Pilar Nores (m. 1978) |
| Children | 6[1] |
| Alma mater | Pontifical Catholic University of Peru National University of San Marcos (LLB) Complutense University Pantheon-Sorbonne University (MA) Universidad de San Martín de Porres (MA) |
| Signature | |
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Peruvian Aprista Party
First presidency (1985-1990)
Second presidency (2006-2011)
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Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez[a] (Latin American Spanish: [ˈalaŋ ɡaβˈɾjel luðˈwiɣ ɣaɾˈsi.a ˈpeɾes]; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru for two non-consecutive terms from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011.[3] He was the second leader of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), and was its only member to have served as President.[4] Mentored by the founder of the APRA, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, he served in the Constituent Assembly of 1978–1979. Elected to the Peruvian Congress in 1980, he rose to the position of General Secretary of the APRA in 1982, and was elected to the presidency in 1985 in a landslide.
García's first presidential term was marked by a severe economic crisis, social unrest, corruption, and violence. At the conclusion of his first presidency, he was accused and investigated for corruption and illicit enrichment.[5] In 1992, he filed for asylum following president Alberto Fujimori's self-coup, and exiled himself with his family in Colombia and France for the next nine years.[6] In the aftermath of Fujimori's downfall, he made a political comeback as he ran for the presidency in 2001, although he lost in the second round to Alejandro Toledo.[7][8] In 2006, he was again elected to the presidency after defeating Ollanta Humala, a feat considered an unexpected political resurrection due to the failure of his first term.[9]
Throughout García's second term, Peru experienced a steady economy, becoming the fastest growing country in Latin America in 2008, surpassing China in terms of rising GDP. The economic success of his presidency would be acclaimed as a triumph by world leaders, and poverty was reduced from 48% to 28% nationally.[10][11] In addition, Peru signed free trade agreements with the United States and China during García's presidency, but accusations of corruption would persist throughout his term and beyond. He was succeeded by his former 2006 run-off rival Ollanta Humala in 2011. He withdrew from party politics after failing to advance to the second round of the 2016 general election, placing fifth in his bid for a record third presidential term under the Popular Alliance coalition between his party and the Christian People's Party, which included former rival Lourdes Flores as one of his running mates.[12]
On 17 April 2019, García died from a self-inflicted gunshot to the head as police officers under a prosecutor's orders were preparing to arrest him over matters relating to the Odebrecht scandal.[13][14] He was transferred to a hospital in serious condition, where he remained for more than three hours in an operating room, during which he suffered three cardiorespiratory arrests before his death.[15]
García is considered one of the most controversial yet talented politicians of Peru's history.[16] He was known as an immensely charismatic orator.[17]
- ^ Nick Caistor (18 April 2019). "Alan García obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
- ^ "Alan García: El caudillo latinoamericano" [Alan García: The Latin American caudillo]. San Sebastián University (in Spanish). 13 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ García wins to become Peru president Al Jazeera, 5 June 2006
- ^ "Welcome, Mr. Peruvian President: Why Alan García is no hero to his people". Council on Hemispheric Affairs. 2 June 2010. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "Alan García acusado de enriquecimiento ilícito". El Tiempo. 3 November 1991. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ ELESPECTADOR (9 January 2021). "El día en que Alan García se asiló en Colombia tras su primera administración". americaeconomia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Alan García vuelve a Perú para iniciar la campaña presidencial". El Mundo. 28 January 2001. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ Relea, Francisco (4 June 2001). "Toledo vence a García en las elecciones de Perú, según los primeros datos". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ Alvarado, Iván (5 June 2006). "Ex-President Wins in Peru in Stunning Comeback". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Jaime, Cordero (24 November 2008). "Rusia añade con éxito a Perú en su estrategia para Latinoamérica". El País. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ RPP Noticias, Redacción (22 September 2010). "Perú logró récord en reducción de pobreza". Radio Programs del Perú. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ "They register the Electoral Alliance 'Popular Alliance' in the Registry of Political Organizations of the National Jury of Elections". busquedas.elperuano.pe. 2016-01-05.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fergus Shiel; Sasha Chavkin (25 June 2019). "Bribery Division: What is Odebrecht? Who is Involved?". International Consortium of nvestigative Journalists. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ Alvarado, Iván (17 April 2017). "Tomografía a cráneo de Alan García muestra el grave daño que se causó al dispararse". pulzo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Phillips, Tom; Collyns, Dan (17 April 2019). "Alan García: former Peru president dies after shooting himself before arrest". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ^ Aquino, Marco (19 April 2013). "Peru's former leader Garcia's political life at risk over pardons". Reuters. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
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