Aisha
| عائشة | |
| Born | c. 614 |
| Died | c. July 678 (aged 63–65) |
| Resting place | Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina |
| Occupation(s) | Scholar, orator, political figure, teacher |
| Spouse | Muhammad (m. 620; died 632) |
| Parent(s) | Abu Bakr (father) Umm Ruman (mother) |
| Family |
|
Aisha bint Abi Bakr[a] (c. 614 CE – July 678) was a muhadditha,[8] political figure,[9] and the third and youngest wife of Islamic prophet Muhammad.[10][11]
Aisha played a significant role in early Islamic history, both during Muhammad's life and after his death. She is regarded in Sunni tradition as intelligent, inquisitive, and scholarly, and is often described as Muhammad's most beloved wife after Khadija bint Khuwaylid. She contributed to the transmission of Muhammad's teachings and remained active in the Muslim community for 44 years after his death.[12] Aisha is credited with narrating over 2,000 hadiths, covering not only aspects of Muhammad's personal life but also legal, ritual, and theological subjects such as inheritance, pilgrimage, prayer, and eschatology.[13] Her intellectual abilities and knowledge of poetry, medicine, and Islamic jurisprudence were praised by early scholars, including al-Zuhri and her student Urwa ibn al-Zubayr.[13]
In addition to her scholarly contributions, Aisha was involved in the religious, social, and political affairs of the early Muslim community. During the caliphates of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, she engaged in public discourse, transmitted religious knowledge, and took part in major events, including the Battle of the Camel. Her participation in such matters was notable given the limited public roles generally held by women at the time. In Sunni Islam, she is revered as a leading scholar, hadith transmitter, and teacher of several companions and the tabi'in, while in Shia Islam, she is viewed critically for her opposition to Ali.
- ^ Spellberg 1994, p. 157.
- ^ "Aisha". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ "Aisha". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ "Āishah". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ Quran 33:6
- ^ Brockelmann 1947.
- ^ Abbott 1942, p. .
- ^ "Gendering the Hadith Tradition Recentering the Authority of Aisha, Mother of the Believers". campusstore.miamioh.edu. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ Spellberg, D. A. (February 1995). Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: The Legacy of 'A'isha bint Abi Bakr. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-07998-3.
- ^ Esposito 2004a.
- ^ Spellberg 1994, p. 3.
- ^ Aleem 2007, p. 130.
- ^ a b Sayeed 2013, pp. 27–29.
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