Afro–Latin Americans

Afro-Latin Americans
Afro-latino-américains (French)
Afro-amerik-latino (Haitian Creole)
Afrolatinoamericanos (Spanish)
Afro-latino-americanos (Portuguese)
Regions with significant populations
Brazil20,656,458[1]
Haiti10,896,000[2]
 Colombia4,944,400[3][4][5][6][7]
Mexico2,576,213[8]
Dominican Republic1,704,000[9] [10]
Panama1,258,915[11]
 United States1,163,862[12]
Cuba1,034,044[13]
Venezuela936,770[14][15]
Peru828,824[16]
Ecuador814,468[17]
Nicaragua572,000[18]
Uruguay255,074[19]
Puerto Rico228,711[20]
Honduras191,000[21][22]
Argentina149,493[23]
Costa Rica57,000[24]
Guatemala35,000[25]
Bolivia16,329[26]
Chile9,919[27]
Paraguay8,013[28]
El Salvador7,441[29]
Languages
Spanish, Portuguese, French, Antillean Creole French, English, and several creoles
Religion
Christianity (mainly Roman Catholicism, with minority Protestantism), Afro-American religions, or others
Related ethnic groups
Africans, Afro-American peoples of the Americas, Afro-Caribbeans, Black Latino Americans, Garifuna

Afro-Latin Americans (French: Afro-latino-américains; Haitian Creole: Afro-amerik-Latino; Spanish: Afrolatinoamericanos; Portuguese: Afro-latino-americanos), also known as Black Latin Americans[30] (French: Latino-américains noirs; Haitian Creole: Nwa Ameriken Latin; Spanish: Latinoamericanos negros; Portuguese: Negros latino-americanos),[a][34] are Latin Americans of total or predominantly sub-Saharan African ancestry. Genetic studies suggest most Latin American populations have at least some level of African admixture.[35][36][37]

The term Afro-Latin American is not widely used in Latin America outside academic circles. Normally Afro–Latin Americans are called Black (Spanish: negro or moreno; Portuguese: negro or preto;[38] French: noir or nègre; Haitian Creole: nwa or nègès). Latin Americans of African ancestry may also be grouped by their specific nationality,[39]: 3–4  such as Afro-Brazilian,[40] Afro-Cuban,[41] Afro-Haitian,[41] or Afro-Mexican.

The number of Afro–Latin Americans may be underreported in official statistics, especially when derived from self-reported census data, because of negative attitudes to African ancestry in some countries.[40][34] Afro-Latinos are part of the wider African diaspora.

  1. ^ "Tabela 1.3.1 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo o sexo e os grupos de idade – Brasil – 2010" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  2. ^ "Haiti — The World Factbook". CIA. 31 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Grupos étnicos información técnica". Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  4. ^ Homburger, Julian R.; Moreno-Estrada, Andrés; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Nelson, Dominic; Sanchez, Elena; Ortiz-Tello, Patricia; Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo; Miranda, Pedro; Langefeld, Carl D.; Gravel, Simon (4 December 2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4670080. PMID 26636962.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  5. ^ Mooney, Jazlyn A.; Huber, Christian D.; Service, Susan; Hoon Sul, Jae; Marsden, Clare D.; Zhang, Zhongyang; Sabatti, Chiara; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Bedoya, Gabriel (25 October 2018). "Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates". PLOS Genetics. 103 (5): 707–726. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.013. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 6218714. PMID 30401458.
  6. ^ Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Fuentes, Macarena; Pizarro, María; Everardo, Paola; Avila, Francisco de; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge (25 September 2014). "Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals". PLOS Genetics. 10 (9): e1004572. Bibcode:2014PLOSG..10.4572R. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4177621. PMID 25254375.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  7. ^ "Afrocolombianos". encolombia.com (in Spanish). 6 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  8. ^ "Sociodemographic panorama of Mexico 2020". 25 July 2020.
  9. ^ "Dominican Republic — The World Factbook". CIA. 31 January 2024.
  10. ^ Moya Pons, Frank (2010). Historia de la República Dominicana (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Editorial CSIC. ISBN 978-84-00-09240-5. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  11. ^ "El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente". March 2023.
  12. ^ "Supplementary Tables on Race and Hispanic Origin: 2020 Census Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171)".
  13. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.one.cu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ "Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011" (PDF). Ine.gov.ve. May 2014. p. 29. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  15. ^ Censo poblacional de Venezuela 2011
  16. ^ "Población Afroperuana" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  17. ^ http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/cpv/
  18. ^ "Nicaragua — The World Factbook". CIA. 31 January 2024.
  19. ^ Mazzeo, Mario (7 March 2021). La población Afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011 (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce. ISBN 978-9974-32-625-5.
  20. ^ "Puerto Rico". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  21. ^ "Honduras — The World Factbook". CIA. 31 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Honduras - XVII Censo de Población y VI de Vivienda 2013". Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Honduras. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021.
  23. ^ Perfil, Redacción (28 March 2015). "Los afro- argentinos y el racismo que perdura". Perfil.com.
  24. ^ "Costa Rica". The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  25. ^ "Guatemala — The World Factbook". CIA.
  26. ^ "Resultados principales del Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2012-Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Bolivia. p. 50.
  27. ^ "Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. November 2018.
  28. ^ Info Zuque. com. Se los llama Kamba Kua Archived 2012-11-05 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish: They are call Kamba Kua)
  29. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ Johnson, Ollie A. III (2012). "Race, Politics, and Afro-Latin Americans". In Kingstone, Peter; Yashar, Deborah J. (eds.). Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Routledge. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-135-28029-1.
  31. ^ "Why Centering Blackness Matters". Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  32. ^ Padilla, Lillie; Vana, Rosti (2022). "The "Other" Latinx: The (Non)existent Representation of Afro-Latinx in Spanish Language Textbooks". Journal of Language Identity & Education. 23 (5): 1–15. doi:10.1080/15348458.2021.2014845. S2CID 246049620.
  33. ^ Velez, Ashley (15 October 2019). "Here's How the Merriam-Webster Dictionary is Erasing Black Latinxs". The Root.
  34. ^ a b Seelke, Clare Ribando (21 November 2008). "CRS Report for Congress: Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  35. ^ Moreno-Estrada, Andrés; Gravel, Simon; Zakharia, Fouad; McCauley, Jacob L.; Byrnes, Jake K.; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Ortiz-Tello, Patricia A.; Martínez, Ricardo J.; Hedges, Dale J.; Morris, Richard W.; Eng, Celeste; Sandoval, Karla; Acevedo-Acevedo, Suehelay; Norman, Paul J.; Layrisse, Zulay; Parham, Peter; Martínez-Cruzado, Juan Carlos; Burchard, Esteban González; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Martin, Eden R.; Bustamante, Carlos D. (2013). "Reconstructing the Population Genetic History of the Caribbean". PLOS Genetics. 9 (11): e1003925. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003925. PMC 3828151. PMID 24244192.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  36. ^ Homburger, JR.; et al. (4 December 2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. PMC 4670080. PMID 26636962.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  37. ^ Kidd, JM.; et al. (5 October 2012). "Population Genetic Inference from Personal Genome Data: Impact of Ancestry and Admixture on Human Genomic Variation". NIH National Library of Medicine. 91 (4): 660–671. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.025. PMC 3484644. PMID 23040495.
  38. ^ "Características Étnico-raciais da População" (PDF). biblioteca.ibge.gov.br. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  39. ^ Andrews, George Reid (2004). Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515232-6.
  40. ^ a b Loveman, Mara; Muniz, Jeronimo O.; Bailey, Stanley R. (2011). "Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality" (PDF). Ethnic and Racial Studies. 35 (8): 1466–1483. doi:10.1080/01419870.2011.607503. S2CID 32438550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014.
  41. ^ a b Madrigal, Lorena (2006). Human Biology of Afro-Caribbean Populations. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-5218-1931-8.


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.