APL (programming language)

APL
APL
Paradigm	Array, functional, structured, modular
Designed by	Kenneth E. Iverson
Developer	Larry Breed, Dick Lathwell, Roger Moore, others
First appeared	November 27, 1966
Stable release	ISO/IEC 13751:2001 / February 1, 2001
Typing discipline	Dynamic
Platform	Cross-platform
License	Proprietary, open source
Website	aplwiki.com
Major implementations
	APL\360; APL\1130; APL*Plus; Sharp APL; APL2; Dyalog APL; NARS2000; APLX; GNU APL;
Influenced by
	Mathematical notation
Influenced
	A and A+; C++; FP; J; K; MATLAB; Nial; PPL; Python; q (kdb); S; Snap!; Speakeasy; Wolfram Language;

APL (named after the book A Programming Language)^[3] is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols^[4] to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming,^[5] and computer math packages.^[6] It has also inspired several other programming languages.^[7]^[8]

^ Cite error: The named reference Birthdate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "std::iota". cppreference.com.
^ Kenneth E. Iverson (1962). A Programming Language. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-43014-8. LCCN 62015180. OL 26792153M. Wikidata Q133329895. Retrieved 2023-08-06. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^ McIntyre, Donald B. (1991). "Language as an Intellectual Tool: From Hieroglyphics to APL". IBM Systems Journal. 30 (4): 554–581. doi:10.1147/sj.304.0554. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
^ "ACM Award Citation – John Backus". Awards.acm.org. 1977. Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
^ Cite error: The named reference mworks was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference jinsp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference kinsp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Birthdate-1] Cite error: The named reference Birthdate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] "std::iota". cppreference.com.

[aplbook-3] Kenneth E. Iverson (1962). A Programming Language. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-43014-8. LCCN 62015180. OL 26792153M. Wikidata Q133329895. Retrieved 2023-08-06. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[4] McIntyre, Donald B. (1991). "Language as an Intellectual Tool: From Hieroglyphics to APL". IBM Systems Journal. 30 (4): 554–581. doi:10.1147/sj.304.0554. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2015.

[5] "ACM Award Citation – John Backus". Awards.acm.org. 1977. Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2010.

[mworks-6] Cite error: The named reference mworks was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[jinsp-7] Cite error: The named reference jinsp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[kinsp-8] Cite error: The named reference kinsp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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